Impact of difficult-to-treat depression for patients and society: a real-world study
This real-world cohort study of 3,941 patients examined clinical profiles and healthcare costs for major depressive disorder (MDD) and difficult-to-treat depression (DTD), with and without suicide risk, over 12 months. Patients presenting through emergency settings showed greater severity, comorbidities, suicide risk, and higher costs compared to those in outpatient settings, with DTD patients demonstrating poorer treatment outcomes overall.




