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MTHFR Gene Polymorphisms and Their Association with Metabolic Changes, Brain Imaging Findings, and Cognitive Decline in Alzheimer's Disease

This case-control study of 240 participants examined how MTHFR gene variants (C677T and A1298C) influence Alzheimer's disease risk through disruptions in one-carbon metabolism and increased homocysteine levels. Researchers found these polymorphisms significantly associated with AD risk and correlated with metabolic alterations, reduced cognitive function, and white matter changes on MRI.

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The Vascular Hypothesis of Dementia, including Alzheimer's Disease, and Risk Factors for Vascular and Alzheimer's Dementia in African Populations

This work explores the vascular hypothesis as a mechanism underlying both Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia, with particular attention to how cardiovascular risk factors contribute to dementia development. The research examines prevalence patterns and etiological factors specific to African populations, addressing potential disparities in dementia pathophysiology and risk profiles.

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Sex Differences in Dementia with Lewy Bodies: Role of Alzheimer's Disease Biomarkers

This retrospective study of 310 DLB patients examined whether sex-related clinical differences are explained by Alzheimer's disease cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers. While AD co-pathology accounts for some sex differences (REM sleep disorder, cognitive scores), other features like parkinsonism appear driven by additional mechanisms independent of AD biology.

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Inflammation as a Mediator of Air Pollution's Role in Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementias

This study examined the relationship between air pollution exposure and cognitive decline in older adults, finding that exposure to fine particulate matter (PM₁₀) increases Alzheimer's disease risk, with inflammatory marker C-reactive protein mediating approximately 43% of this effect. Using genetic and observational data from over 7,000 Chinese participants, the research provides evidence that air pollution may causally contribute to dementia through inflammation-related pathways.