Spectrul autist și particularitățile asociate.
223 de articoleResearchers developed a carbon-fiber nanosensor capable of distinguishing Autism Spectrum Disorder from Intellectual Disability by measuring real-time nitric oxide production in patient-derived stem cells. This approach successfully differentiates the two conditions even when they share identical genetic mutations, offering a potential biomarker-based diagnostic tool.
This longitudinal study of over 6,900 adults examined associations between empirically-derived dietary patterns and subsequent risk of depression and anxiety using annual validated screening questionnaires. High consumption of fast food and sugar was associated with approximately doubled risk of both depression symptoms and anxiety disorder, while vegetable-rich and vegetarian-like diets showed no protective effect in the total population.
This comparative study examined thyroid function (TSH, FT4, FT3) in 88 hospitalized patients with major depressive disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, or bipolar disorder, finding significantly elevated TSH and higher subclinical hypothyroidism prevalence in depression patients. The research explores correlations between thyroid parameters and symptom severity using validated psychiatric rating scales while controlling for non-thyroidal illness effects.
This study proposes using YOLOv8-11 object detection models on preprocessed structural MRI scans to detect neuroanatomical abnormalities associated with autism spectrum disorder, achieving accuracy rates exceeding 98%. The framework processes 3D MRI data into 2D image sequences across multiple planes while accounting for age-related brain changes, demonstrating superior performance compared to traditional deep learning architectures for potential clinical support in early ASD diagnosis.
This cross-cultural study examined narrative ability and visual attention patterns in autistic individuals from the United States and Hong Kong using eye-tracking technology while participants narrated a wordless picture book. Results indicated that autistic individuals from both cultures exhibited similar difficulties with identifying key story components and demonstrated more rigid gaze patterns compared to non-autistic controls, suggesting cultural and linguistic factors interact with autism to influence narrative abilities.
This meta-analytical review examines the clinical effectiveness of virtual reality interventions for individuals with autism spectrum disorder, particularly in physical therapy contexts. The analysis synthesizes evidence on therapeutic outcomes and efficacy of VR-based treatment approaches across multiple studies.
This longitudinal study examined how parents' self-stigma related to having a child with autism increases parental burnout, which subsequently reduces perceived parenting competence and worsens emotional well-being. The findings underscore the importance of mental health interventions targeting stigma reduction and burnout prevention to improve parental adjustment and competence.
This transdiagnostic study investigates how autistic traits manifest across patients with mood and psychotic spectrum disorders in an outpatient setting. The research uses empirical methods to map trait profiles, potentially improving diagnostic precision and treatment approaches for individuals with overlapping presentations.
This scoping review examines theatre-based interventions as a therapeutic approach for individuals with autism spectrum disorder across different age groups. The review synthesizes evidence on how theatrical techniques may support social communication, emotional expression, and other developmental outcomes in autistic populations.
This study adapted the Ritvo Autism Asperger Diagnostic Scale-Revised (RAADS-R) into Brazilian Portuguese following international guidelines, with validation in 142 autistic adults. The adapted scale demonstrated adequate semantic equivalence and a 14-item screening model showed acceptable fit indices, though psychometric refinements may be needed for clinical use.
Researchers developed a mannose-modified nanomicelle (Man-LA) designed to deliver hydrogen sulfide directly to the brain via GLUT1 transporters in astrocytes, and demonstrated in rat autism models that it alleviates behavioral symptoms while promoting aerobic glycolysis and protecting hippocampal neurons. The study identifies dysregulation of astrocytic aerobic glycolysis and H₂S signaling as potentially important in autism pathophysiology, though these findings remain preclinical and require human validation.
This double-blind randomized trial compared agomelatine and escitalopram in 51 people with epilepsy and major depressive disorder, evaluating effects on depression, seizure frequency, sleep, cognition, and quality of life. Both medications improved depression similarly with minimal adverse events; escitalopram showed greater quality-of-life improvement while agomelatine showed better verbal memory outcomes, with no significant effects on seizure frequency in either group.
A case report describes a patient with ADHD and treatment-resistant depression who developed serotonin syndrome postoperatively due to concurrent use of venlafaxine, opioids, stimulants, and cannabis. The condition was diagnosed using Hunter criteria and successfully reversed through discontinuation of serotonergic medications and supportive care.
This study applied the Evaluation of Autism Gene Link Evidence (EAGLE) framework to systematically curate 222 genes associated with neurodevelopmental disorders, identifying 78 with definitive evidence for autism association, 43 with moderate evidence, and 99 with limited evidence. The analysis revealed differential expression and enrichment patterns at brain and cellular levels, establishing biological relevance for distinguishing autism-specific genetic associations from broader neurodevelopmental disorder phenotypes.
This EEG study comparing adults with autism and neurotypical controls found that both groups could cognitively assess whether others experienced pain equally well. However, autistic adults showed reduced emotional and sensorimotor responses (measured via neural oscillations and self-report) when learning that a person could feel pain, suggesting differences in affective empathy rather than pain understanding.
This systematic review identified five key themes influencing resilience in parents of children with ASD: sociodemographic/economic factors, child characteristics, parenting well-being, psychological factors/coping styles, and social support. The findings emphasize that parental resilience is multifactorial, influenced by psychological, social, and contextual elements, though most included studies were cross-sectional, limiting causal inference.
This study investigated 161 autistic adults without intellectual disability, categorizing them by timing of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and comparing cognitive abilities using standardized intelligence testing. Results indicated that early ACE exposure (≤10 years) was associated with different performance patterns on specific cognitive subtests compared to adolescent ACE exposure, with differences persisting even after controlling for PTSD symptom severity.
This survey of 242 GPs assessed their knowledge of autism spectrum disorder symptoms, referral practices, and attitudes toward ASD etiology and treatment. While most GPs recognized core social communication symptoms, significant knowledge gaps existed regarding sensory symptoms and atypical presentations, with postgraduate ASD training associated with improved recognition competence.
