Spectrul autist și particularitățile asociate.
223 de articoleA prospective observational study over 24 months analyzed burn injury characteristics in patients with underlying neuropsychiatric conditions, finding epilepsy as the most common disorder (66.52%) followed by intellectual disability and dementia. Female patients experienced higher rates of severe burns and scalding injuries with more frequent third-degree burns and head/neck involvement compared to males.
This systematic review examines psychiatric comorbidities associated with Functional Neurological Disorders (FND) and Psychogenic Non-Epileptic Seizures (PNES), finding these are not autonomous conditions but develop alongside autism, borderline personality disorder, PTSD, and alexithymia. The authors propose a biopsychosocial model where early trauma, abuse, and neglect contribute to progressive neurological sensitivity, particularly in young female patients, and recommend improved assessment and integrated treatment policies.
This study examined the prevalence of depression and anxiety in individuals with subacute and chronic spinal cord injury using validated psychological assessment tools (BDI and STAI scales). Results showed significant alterations in both depression and anxiety levels, with differences noted between subacute and chronic phases; early psychological assessment and intervention are recommended to prevent cognitive and mental health complications.
Alzheimer's disease carries increased epilepsy risk not only in advanced stages but also during mild cognitive impairment and preclinical stages, with seizures sometimes being the earliest clinical manifestation (epileptic variant of AD). This presentation offers a therapeutic window where antiseizure medications may help prevent cognitive decline by addressing AD-related brain hyperexcitability, but requires biomarker assessment (amyloid and tau) for accurate diagnosis.
This cross-sectional study of 173 frequent exercisers (>10 hours/week) examined relationships between depression, ADHD symptoms, and exercise addiction using standardized scales and regression analyses. Depressive and ADHD symptoms were significantly positively correlated with exercise addiction symptoms, with depression emerging as the stronger predictor after controlling for age and gender.
A cross-sectional study of 150 UPDF soldiers returning from deployment found 16% screened positive for PTSD and 21% for moderate substance use disorder. Combat readiness training was associated with reduced risk of both PTSD and alcohol abuse, with alcohol use mediating the relationship between combat readiness and PTSD symptoms.
This narrative review examines evidence for psilocybin- and LSD-assisted treatment in patients with both alcohol use disorder and major depressive disorder, noting promising sustained effects on drinking frequency and symptom reduction. The authors argue for integrated therapeutic approaches using psychedelics to simultaneously address the high-prevalence comorbidity, while discussing methodological considerations for future clinical trials.
A one-year prospective study of 37 adults with ADHD found that methylphenidate treatment significantly reduced symptoms of internet, shopping, food, and sex addictions, with the proportion of patients having at least one behavioral addiction diagnosis decreasing from 51.4% to 35.1%. Changes in cognitive impulsivity, sluggish cognitive tempo, and mood/anxiety symptoms correlated moderately with improvements in internet addiction scores.
This review examines why infantile spasms commonly occur in Down syndrome by analyzing animal models (Ts65Dn and TcMAC21 mice) to identify abnormalities in brain excitation and inhibition, particularly involving GABA receptor dysfunction. The research provides insights into potential therapeutic targets by clarifying the neurobiological mechanisms underlying seizure predisposition in Down syndrome.
The EGUIDE project evaluated how educational lectures on clinical practice guidelines influenced 782 psychiatrists' treatment practices across 176 Japanese hospitals, comparing guideline adherence in over 11,000 patients with schizophrenia or major depressive disorder. Psychiatrists who participated in guideline education showed higher rates of guideline-recommended treatments including appropriate antipsychotic monotherapy and reduced unnecessary psychotropic co-prescriptions.
This study of 2,759 autistic children and adolescents examined how cognitive and adaptive skills relate to mental health and behavioral problems across varying levels of intellectual ability. Results showed adaptive skills (communication, daily living, socialization) were protective against both internalizing and externalizing problems, with differential associations depending on whether intellectual disability was present.
Research demonstrates that hundreds of genetically diverse causes of autism dysfunction converge on common molecular pathways during early brain development. This finding suggests potential shared therapeutic targets despite the genetic heterogeneity of autism spectrum disorder.
This study evaluated the psychometric properties of the DASS-10 in 354 treatment-seeking adults with mild TBI, finding good fit to the Rasch model with high internal consistency and acceptable unidimensionality. Results support the DASS-10 as a reliable, brief screening tool for psychological distress in post-mild TBI outpatient populations.
Alzheimer's disease and epilepsy frequently co-occur and share common pathogenic mechanisms involving AMPA-type glutamate receptors. Perampanel, an FDA-approved AMPAR antagonist for seizure management, may offer therapeutic benefits in patients with comorbid AD-epilepsy, particularly those with myoclonus or sleep disturbances, though clinical evidence remains limited.
A case of a middle-aged woman with well-controlled epilepsy who presented with persistent anxiety, depression, and irritability despite adequate psychiatric medication (escitalopram, olanzapine). Investigation revealed temporal lobe epilepsy auras as the underlying cause, and adjustment of anti-seizure therapy with lacosamide resulted in complete symptom resolution and significant functional improvement.
This prospective study of 476 traumatic spinal cord injury patients found that 47% also had concomitant traumatic brain injury, with 85% being mild cases. Risk factors for co-occurring injuries included history of substance abuse, motor vehicle accidents, high-energy mechanisms, and tetraplegia rather than paraplegia.
This umbrella systematic review synthesized 20 systematic reviews to assess the prevalence and correlates of mental illness in traumatic spinal cord injury patients, finding depression (up to 43%), PTSD (up to 62%), anxiety (27%), and hazardous alcohol use (≥50%) as major concerns. Common risk factors included pain, injury severity, low social support, and maladaptive coping, though evidence for effective interventions was limited.
This review examines whether Alzheimer's disease and major depressive disorder share common pathophysiological mechanisms, particularly through reduced TGF-β1 cytokine levels and amyloid-beta accumulation. The authors discuss emerging evidence that certain antidepressants (SSRIs, SNRIs, ketamine) may have neuroprotective effects, though they note the evidence remains inconsistent and potentially adverse effects require further investigation.
