Spectrul autist și particularitățile asociate.
496 de articoleThis systematic review examines how risperidone, an antipsychotic medication, affects cognitive function in autistic individuals, building on evidence that it effectively treats both core and non-core ASD symptoms. The review evaluates safety, efficacy, and tolerability across multiple validated behavioral assessment scales, noting weight gain as a common but typically mild side effect.
This systematic bibliometric study analyzed 776 peer-reviewed publications from the Web of Science database to map research trends and applications of artificial intelligence in autism spectrum disorder diagnosis, identification, and intervention. Key findings identified machine learning as a major research cluster, with machine learning-based classification and diagnostic tools emerging as prominent research directions from 2021-2023.
Victoria's Thriving Kids program proposes universal screening of 3-4 year-olds for developmental delays prior to school entry. The article distinguishes between appropriate early screening for developmental concerns and the clinical challenges of diagnosing autism specifically in very young children.
This study surveyed 351 caregivers to examine mealtime experiences in families of children with autism, ADHD, or both conditions, comparing outcomes to neurotypical control families. Families with neurodevelopmental conditions reported increased food fussiness, problematic mealtime behaviors, dietary concerns, caregiver stress, and less structured mealtimes, with ADHD and dual-diagnosis groups showing greater appetite and behavioral challenges than autism-only families.
This retrospective study of 199 outpatients with alcohol use disorder examined personality traits and behavioral factors to improve ADHD detection in this underdiagnosed population. Low self-directedness combined with high novelty seeking achieved 85% accuracy in predicting ADHD presence, suggesting practical diagnostic cutoff scores for clinicians.
This study uses Mendelian randomization analysis to investigate causal relationships between heart abnormalities and psychiatric conditions including ADHD, autism, depression, and anxiety. Results suggest heart failure and bradycardia may protect against ADHD development, while hypertrophic cardiomyopathy shows modest association with schizophrenia risk.
A meta-analysis of 13 observational studies found gestational cannabis exposure associated with small increased risks of ASD (RR 1.30) and ADHD (RR 1.13), though the ADHD finding may reflect publication bias. A larger cohort study showed cannabis use disorder during pregnancy was associated with substantially increased ASD risk (RR 3.02–3.21), though the authors acknowledge limitations including potential genetic and environmental confounding.
This study examined 166 children with autism or ADHD to identify shared neurobiological mechanisms, finding that autism symptom severity was associated with specific functional connectivity patterns between the frontoparietal and default mode networks, independent of ADHD symptom severity. Gene expression analysis linked these connectivity patterns to genes with known differential variance in autism, suggesting transdiagnostic biological overlap between the conditions.
A case study of a young child with tetralogy of Fallot, autism spectrum disorder, and subsequently diagnosed ADHD-combined type, highlighting developmental vulnerabilities in children with critical congenital heart disease. Management involved collaborative care between cardiology and developmental specialists, utilizing medication alongside behavioral therapy and applied behavior analysis with positive outcomes.
A randomized controlled trial with 67 children compared music therapy (MT) to an active social skills intervention over 12 weeks. Both conditions improved autism symptoms similarly, but only music therapy increased engagement and initiation behaviors; baseline qEEG responses predicted better outcomes in the music group.
A comprehensive study of 996 confirmed ASD cases and 9,960 controls from South Sweden examined maternal and perinatal risk factors, finding multiple conditions associated with increased ASD risk that varied by comorbidity profile. High maternal BMI was the only factor consistently associated with ASD across all subgroups, suggesting potential modifiable risk factors and etiological heterogeneity in autism.
A cross-sectional screening study of 22,942 children aged 6-12 in Harbin found an estimated ASD prevalence of 0.63% with a 4.37:1 male-to-female ratio, using two-stage screening with standardized tools and DSM-5 clinical diagnosis. Pregnancy complications (severe nausea/vomiting, infections) and family factors (family type, parenting style, household income) were identified as associated risk factors.
This review examines how mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) alterations contribute to autism spectrum disorder through dysfunction of cellular mitochondria and immune responses. The authors explore altered mtDNA levels observed in individuals with ASD and discuss potential clinical applications in diagnosis and treatment.
This study validates a telehealth-adapted autism screening instrument across Argentina and Chile using psychometric analysis on 313 participants. Findings demonstrate acceptable sensitivity, specificity, and factor structure, supporting the instrument's use in low-resource settings where access to standardized diagnostic tools is limited.
This longitudinal study tracked Theory of Mind skills in bilingual and monolingual autistic children from ages 6-12, finding that bilingual children showed better second-order Theory of Mind performance by ages 9 and 12. Expressive vocabulary and intelligence were key factors supporting Theory of Mind development, with bilingual children benefiting earlier than their monolingual peers.
This clinical review examines the overlapping yet distinct repetitive behaviors in Tourette syndrome, OCD, and autism spectrum disorder, analyzing their clinical presentations, neuroimaging findings, genetics, and treatment responses. The authors propose that tics, compulsions, and stereotypies exist along an impulsive-compulsive spectrum, with some cases suggesting TS and OCD may share common neurobiological underpinnings.
This study examined 54 children with autism spectrum disorder using cytogenetic and array comparative genomic hybridisation analysis to identify chromosomal anomalies and copy number variations (CNVs). Researchers found structural chromosomal anomalies in 3.7% of patients and CNVs in 18.5%, with 27.3% classified as pathogenic; notably, a previously undefined pathogenic CNV was discovered in the 3p22.3-3p22.2 region.
This MRI study compared striato- and thalamo-cortical tract microstructure in 29 autistic and 33 non-autistic adults aged 40-70, finding reduced volumes in thalamic tracts to motor and sensory regions in autism. Results suggest parallel aging-related changes in white matter rather than accelerated neurobiological decline in autistic adults.