Spectrul autist și particularitățile asociate.
226 de articoleThis research examines how dementia presents behaviorally and psychologically in individuals who also have autism spectrum disorder. The study addresses diagnostic and clinical challenges in identifying and managing dementia symptoms in autistic populations.
This cross-sectional study examines how four different definitions of developmental disability produce varying population estimates and service utilization patterns using US national survey data and residential facility records. Understanding these definitional differences is essential for accurate prevalence estimation and effective policy analysis in planning developmental disability services.
This study examined relationships between nomophobia (fear of being without a mobile phone), anxiety, and depression in 89 mothers, comparing 41 mothers of children with ADHD to 48 control mothers. Results showed mothers of children with ADHD reported higher nomophobia, anxiety, and depression scores, with significant positive correlations between nomophobia and both anxiety and depression symptoms in the ADHD group.
This network meta-analysis of 74 studies examined inflammatory markers across ASD, ADHD, and healthy controls, involving over 10,000 participants. Results identified distinct immune dysregulation patterns, with ASD showing elevated CRP, IL-6, IL-8, IL-1β and BDNF, while ADHD showed lower TNF-α, IL-2, and MCP-1 compared to controls.
This study used network analysis to examine how alexithymia (difficulty identifying/describing emotions), interoception, empathy, and self-awareness interrelate with depression and anxiety symptoms in 208 clinically diagnosed autistic young people aged 15-25. Results identified alexithymia and interoceptive awareness as key nodes influencing broader autistic features and mental health symptoms.
This systematic review of 38 studies evaluates imitation-based interventions for autistic children, finding that approaches like reciprocal imitation training produce moderate-to-strong gains in imitation skills with potential broader developmental benefits. Effectiveness varies by child age, delivery format, and skill level, with structured early intervention and tailored naturalistic approaches showing promise, though emerging methods like telehealth require further validation.
This qualitative study examined the experiences of 10 parents caring for children with autism spectrum disorder in Ghana, exploring the emotional, social, psychological, and financial challenges they face. Parents reported stigma and spiritual accusations but demonstrated resilience through behavioral adaptations, faith, and rejection of negative societal attitudes.
This preregistered systematic review and meta-analysis of 264 studies examined inflammatory and metabolic biomarkers in autism, finding that inflammatory markers (particularly TNF-α and IL-6) showed stronger associations with ASD than metabolic markers, though effect sizes were modest and prediction intervals crossed zero. The authors emphasize methodological limitations and varying certainty levels, avoiding overstated conclusions about immune-metabolic mechanisms in autism.
This cross-sectional study of 312 children with ASD (aged 2.5-12 years) found that over 40% of school-aged children engage in less than one hour of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity daily, and that daily exercise duration is positively associated with better bedtime habits while moderate-intensity exercise correlates with reduced daytime sleepiness. The findings demonstrate a significant relationship between physical activity levels and sleep quality in children with autism, suggesting that increased PA may help address the prevalent sleep disturbances common in this population.
This study proposes a machine learning approach combining fuzzy inference systems and convolutional neural networks to detect autism spectrum disorder in children under 2 years old using electroencephalogram (EEG) signals. The method analyzes cross-frequency interactions in brain activity and reported 99.03% classification accuracy compared to traditional approaches.
This narrative review synthesizes RNA sequencing evidence from post-mortem autism cortex studies, identifying three key domains of molecular abnormality: synaptic/neuronal dysfunction, immune-glial dysregulation, and RNA-regulatory disruption. The review integrates findings from bulk and single-cell analyses while acknowledging critical interpretive constraints including developmental timing, regional specificity, and tissue quality factors.
This narrative review explores why autistic individuals often experience elevated loneliness while simultaneously preferring solitude more than non-autistic peers, termed the SOLO paradox. The authors attribute this pattern to social-communication differences, sensory hypersensitivity, and unmet social needs, and discuss how it may relate to extreme withdrawal or problematic internet use.
This meta-analysis of 40 studies examined acoustic speech patterns in autism, revealing that autistic individuals show higher mean pitch and broader pitch range alongside more stable vocal fold vibrations compared to non-autistic controls. The findings suggest a paradoxical profile where suprasegmental instability coexists with voicing hyper-stability, with several factors like language background and IQ moderating these prosodic features.
A qualitative study of 16 parents examined their views on using AI chatbots to encourage physical activity in children with autism, finding parents viewed them positively as learning tools but noted limitations in detail and terminology clarity. Parents reported needing to use repeated prompts and often required expert support alongside the chatbot guidance.
A cross-sectional study of 1,257 autistic individuals in Qatar found epilepsy in 10.7% of the cohort, with significant associations between epilepsy and developmental delays (particularly motor milestones), perinatal complications like hypoxia, and behavioral features including sleep disturbances and anxiety. The findings underscore the complex interplay between developmental, behavioral, and perinatal factors in autism-epilepsy comorbidity.
Vision plays a critical role in cognitive and social development, and visual deficits are documented in autistic children alongside communication difficulties and restricted interests. While visual function disorders occur in autism, they are not autism-specific and also appear in other neurodevelopmental conditions, making early screening and management potentially beneficial.
This cross-sectional study examined quality of life outcomes in 931 caregivers of children with ASD, ADHD, or both conditions, using the PedsQL Family Impact Module. Caregivers of children with ADHD-only reported lower stress and better communication outcomes, while those caring for children with both conditions experienced greater decision-making difficulties and other psychosocial challenges.
A longitudinal study of 2,186 Hong Kong adolescents and young adults examined the prevalence and mental health outcomes of ASD, ADHD, and comorbid presentations, finding that comorbidity was associated with psychotic-like experiences while ASD alone correlated with poorer functioning and ADHD alone with higher depression/anxiety. Specific symptom profiles (attention switching difficulties, sensory sensitivities, working memory issues) predicted different mental health outcomes at 1-year follow-up.