Boala Alzheimer și alte forme de demență.
73 de articoleA systematic review of 14 human studies (1994–2023) examined deep brain stimulation (DBS) targeting three brain regions to slow cognitive decline in Alzheimer disease. The fornix and nucleus basalis of Meynert showed promise in slowing decline according to standardized cognitive scales, though sample sizes were modest and long-term efficacy remains to be established.
This study analyzes how major US newspapers portrayed disease-modifying treatments (DMTs) for Alzheimer's disease between 2020-2024, finding that media coverage linked treatment risks primarily to efficacy-to-cost ratios. The research identifies tensions between FDA regulatory challenges, expert disagreement over evidence quality, and patient expectations regarding these novel therapies.
This systematic review and meta-analysis examined the effects of virtual reality interventions on cognitive function in people with Alzheimer's disease across three randomized controlled trials involving 75 participants. VR showed modest improvements in memory performance compared to usual treatment, but demonstrated little to no effect on executive function.
This review examines neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) across four major dementia syndromes—Alzheimer's disease, vascular dementia, Lewy body dementia, and frontotemporal dementia—highlighting that these symptoms often emerge early or even precede cognitive decline. The article provides clinical guidance for primary care teams to recognize prodromal neurodegenerative disease and initiate appropriate diagnostic workup, addressing gaps in dementia training among frontline practitioners.
Recent observational studies suggest the Mediterranean diet may be associated with reduced cognitive decline and lower Alzheimer's disease risk, possibly through vascular, metabolic, and anti-inflammatory mechanisms. However, causality has not been established, and large-scale randomized controlled trials are needed to confirm whether the diet can serve as a preventive strategy for dementia.
This longitudinal study examined asymmetric distribution of β-amyloid plaques across the brain in 148 participants spanning normal cognition to Alzheimer's disease dementia. The research found that β-amyloid lateralization varies by disease stage and correlates with cognitive performance, suggesting potential utility as a neuroimaging biomarker for tracking disease progression.
This review examines how hypertension contributes to major neurocognitive disorders including Alzheimer's disease, vascular dementia, and Lewy body dementia through vascular damage, inflammation, and blood-brain barrier disruption. While antihypertensive medications show promise in some studies, evidence remains inconsistent, highlighting the need for long-term prospective research to clarify treatment effectiveness and the bidirectional relationship between hypertension and cognitive decline.
This study quantified metabolic resilience using FDG-PET imaging in 848 participants from the ADNI database to assess its role in predicting cognitive decline and dementia conversion. Results showed that preserved brain glucose metabolism independently predicted slower cognitive decline and reduced dementia conversion risk, suggesting it is a valuable biomarker complementary to structural brain measures.
This study investigates cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers related to immune activation and Alzheimer's pathology as predictive tools for cognitive decline in older adults. The research uses established biomarker analysis to identify individuals at risk of developing cognitive impairment.
Dementia (major neurocognitive disorder) involves decline in one or more cognitive domains causing functional impairment, with Alzheimer disease being the most common type affecting approximately 6.9 million U.S. adults aged 65+. The article reviews current evidence on cognitive decline prevention, screening, diagnosis, treatment options, and quality of life considerations for both patients and caregivers.
This review examines cognitive reserve (CR), the brain's ability to compensate for pathology through adaptive mechanisms, as a crucial factor in reducing Alzheimer's disease risk and slowing cognitive decline. The authors evaluate measurement methods, interventions, and practical applications, noting that lifestyle choices and occupational complexity may be more informative than education alone in capturing CR complexity.
A prospective study of 150 patients aged 50+ with Alzheimer's disease or vascular dementia receiving 120 mg of Ginkgo biloba extract twice daily for 18 weeks demonstrated significant improvements in constructional praxis, memory, executive function, and behavioral symptoms using validated cognitive measures. Adverse events were reported in 22% of patients, with no serious safety concerns identified.
This study examined 92 amyloid-negative patients using the ATN biomarker classification framework to identify non-Alzheimer's pathologies causing cognitive decline. Results showed amyloid-negative profiles were associated with non-Alzheimer's dementia types and secondary neuropsychiatric conditions, though early-stage misclassification risks warrant further investigation.
This proteomics study analyzed cerebrospinal fluid from 490 amyloid-positive participants to identify 61 dysregulated proteins that distinguish those with Alzheimer's dementia from cognitively normal or mildly impaired individuals. The identified proteins were associated with cognitive progression and diagnostic conversion, with functional enrichment analyses revealing pathways relevant to neurodegeneration.
This research investigates alterations in gut microbiota composition and metabolic profiles in patients with Alzheimer's disease and type 2 diabetes using advanced molecular analysis techniques. The study aims to identify potential microbial and metabolic biomarkers associated with neurodegeneration and metabolic dysfunction.
This genome-wide association study investigates the distinct genetic factors underlying specific cognitive domains (memory, language, executive function) affected in Alzheimer's disease. The research identifies domain-specific genetic architecture, suggesting that different cognitive impairments in AD may have partially distinct genetic underpinnings.
This research examines how oral microbiome dysbiosis contributes to Alzheimer's disease through TLR/NLR immune signaling pathways that trigger systemic and neuroinflammation. The oral microbiome composition is proposed as a potential biomarker for early diagnosis and screening of cognitive decline, with discussion of targeted therapeutic approaches like TLR/NLR inhibitors.
This clinical study analyzed 184 Alzheimer's disease patients stratified by sex to examine relationships between sleep disturbances, neuropsychiatric symptoms, and cognitive progression. Patients with disturbed sleep showed worse cognitive performance and higher rates of depression, anxiety, and behavioral problems, with sex-specific patterns: women exhibited more disinhibition and depression while men showed greater cognitive decline and higher caregiver burden.