Three-Year Outcomes of Motivational Interviewing-Enhanced Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Adolescent ADHD: A Randomized Community Trial
This randomized controlled trial evaluated long-term effects of STAND (cognitive-behavioral therapy combined with motivational interviewing) versus usual care for adolescents with ADHD across community clinics over 3 years. Licensed therapists delivering STAND showed superior outcomes in hyperactivity/impulsivity, parent-teen conflict, and organizational/time management skills compared to unlicensed providers, though intent-to-treat analyses showed no overall group differences.
