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BTK inhibitors represent an emerging oral therapeutic class for MS that can target both adaptive and innate immune pathways, with some agents crossing the blood-brain barrier to address progressive MS pathology resistant to current treatments. Phase 2 and 3 trial data show promise, particularly for agents like tolebrutinib in secondary progressive MS disability progression.
This retrospective study compared brain MRI changes between 34 MS patients who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 and 67 matched negative controls over approximately two years. No significant differences were found between groups in new lesions, enlarging lesions, gadolinium-enhancing lesions, or brain volume loss, suggesting COVID-19 does not accelerate radiological MS progression.
This article examines the use of animal models in studying progressive forms of multiple sclerosis, discussing both the insights gained and the methodological challenges encountered. It addresses how preclinical animal research contributes to understanding MS pathophysiology while acknowledging limitations in translating findings to human disease.
This large pooled analysis of 4,241 RRMS patients from phase 3 trials examined how chronological age influences brain volume changes over 96 weeks of follow-up. Older participants showed lower baseline brain volumes but exhibited significantly slower atrophy rates during follow-up compared to younger patients, particularly in the thalamus.
The article reviews evidence-based management of MS relapses using high-dose corticosteroids while distinguishing true MS-related symptoms from transient worsening caused by systemic factors. It emphasizes shared decision-making for selecting higher-efficacy therapies or escalation strategies, with appropriate screening and ongoing safety monitoring, noting that benefits vary between relapsing and progressive MS presentations.