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This study investigates cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers related to immune activation and Alzheimer's pathology as predictive tools for cognitive decline in older adults. The research uses established biomarker analysis to identify individuals at risk of developing cognitive impairment.
Dementia (major neurocognitive disorder) involves decline in one or more cognitive domains causing functional impairment, with Alzheimer disease being the most common type affecting approximately 6.9 million U.S. adults aged 65+. The article reviews current evidence on cognitive decline prevention, screening, diagnosis, treatment options, and quality of life considerations for both patients and caregivers.
This review examines cognitive reserve (CR), the brain's ability to compensate for pathology through adaptive mechanisms, as a crucial factor in reducing Alzheimer's disease risk and slowing cognitive decline. The authors evaluate measurement methods, interventions, and practical applications, noting that lifestyle choices and occupational complexity may be more informative than education alone in capturing CR complexity.
A prospective study of 150 patients aged 50+ with Alzheimer's disease or vascular dementia receiving 120 mg of Ginkgo biloba extract twice daily for 18 weeks demonstrated significant improvements in constructional praxis, memory, executive function, and behavioral symptoms using validated cognitive measures. Adverse events were reported in 22% of patients, with no serious safety concerns identified.
This study examined 92 amyloid-negative patients using the ATN biomarker classification framework to identify non-Alzheimer's pathologies causing cognitive decline. Results showed amyloid-negative profiles were associated with non-Alzheimer's dementia types and secondary neuropsychiatric conditions, though early-stage misclassification risks warrant further investigation.