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Persistent Functional Impairment as a Preclinical Marker of Alzheimer's Disease: Advancing Dementia Risk Prediction

Research shows that persistent (not temporary) functional decline in cognitively normal older adults is a strong predictor of future cognitive decline and dementia development. The study proposes using functional trajectory monitoring as a practical, scalable biomarker for early dementia detection that complements cognitive testing and biomarkers.

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Advanced diffusion MRI tract signatures in Alzheimer's disease, dementia with Lewy bodies, and the FTD/PPA spectrum

This review examines diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI) findings across multiple dementia types, including Alzheimer's disease, dementia with Lewy bodies, frontotemporal dementia, and primary progressive aphasia, identifying both shared and disease-specific patterns of white matter degeneration. Advanced dMRI methods such as NODDI and free-water imaging reveal microstructural alterations in specific brain tracts that correlate with each syndrome's clinical features and may improve early diagnosis and disease monitoring.

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Epidemiological and clinical features of Alzheimer's disease in a memory clinic in Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire

A retrospective hospital-based study of 36 Alzheimer's disease patients in sub-Saharan Africa found mean age 70.5 years, significant memory loss (89.2%), and bilateral hippocampal atrophy on MRI as the primary radiological finding. The study identified associations between disease severity and factors including age, education level, and different patterns of brain atrophy.

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Advances in Anti-Dementia Therapies in Older Adults

Recent updates in dementia treatment include traditional medications (acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, memantine) now used off-label for vascular dementia, alongside newly approved amyloid-targeting monoclonal antibodies (lecanemab, donanemab) that show disease-modifying effects in early Alzheimer's disease but require careful monitoring for adverse effects. Non-pharmacological interventions such as regular exercise and multimodal lifestyle programs demonstrate cognitive benefits, while digital health applications and GLP-1 analogs show mixed or limited evidence.