Spectrul autist și particularitățile asociate.
496 de articoleAutism spectrum disorder affects neuromuscular coordination, leading to various oral health complications including poor orofacial dynamics and dental manifestations. The review examines known oral health issues in autistic individuals and discusses evidence-based approaches to maintain dental health across different intervention levels.
This study demonstrates that excessive prenatal dihydrotestosterone (DHT) exposure in mice impairs neuronal development and dendritic spine formation, producing autism-like behavioral changes. The research identifies Nr4a2 as a key molecular mediator and shows that Nr4a2 overexpression and amodiaquine treatment can reverse these adverse effects, offering insight into prenatal androgens as a potential risk factor for ASD.
This study investigates abnormal copper levels in brain regions of a valproic acid-induced autism mouse model, finding elevated copper ions and altered copper metabolism proteins in the prefrontal cortex, amygdala, cerebellum, and hippocampus. Brain metabolite analysis revealed dysregulation of dopamine, serotonin, and glutathione, suggesting copper imbalance may affect neurotransmitter signaling pathways.
This study examined whether autism-related stigma experienced by parents from racial/ethnic minority backgrounds contributes to documented disparities in service utilization among autistic children. Analysis of 764 US parents revealed that while some racial/ethnic differences in stigma and service engagement exist, socioeconomic factors appear more influential than stigma alone in explaining service utilization gaps, with notable variation by racial/ethnic group.
This study compared children and adolescents with both Down syndrome and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) to those with Down syndrome alone, matched on age, sex, and IQ level. The ASD group showed significantly lower adaptive skills and higher rates of stereotyped behaviors and restricted interests, suggesting these features may help distinguish co-occurring ASD in Down syndrome populations despite overlapping behavioral traits.
This comparative study analyzed sensory profiles and ASD-related behaviors in 109 children across three groups (visually impaired, typically developing, and autistic) using parent-reported Sensory Profile and Social Communication Questionnaire assessments. Results indicated that visually impaired children showed elevated risk for ASD-like signs and that sensory profile assessment may help identify such risk in this population.
This cross-sectional study of 392 caregivers in Saudi Arabia examined how autism severity affects caregiver quality of life through coping strategies, family functioning, and social support using structural equation modeling. Results confirmed that maladaptive coping, poor family functioning, and low perceived social support partially mediate the relationship between ASD severity and caregiver QoL, supporting targeted interventions.
This review examines the use of human pluripotent stem cell-derived 2D and 3D neural models as tools for understanding autism spectrum disorder mechanisms and identifying potential pharmacological treatments. These models allow researchers to recapitulate early human brain development and enable patient-specific investigations, with promise for advancing precision medicine approaches to ASD therapy.
Adolescents with ASD face elevated suicide risk due to social, emotional, and sensory difficulties. The abstract proposes combining cognitive-behavioral therapy with sensory regulation strategies as a comprehensive approach to reduce suicidal ideation and enhance mental health outcomes in this population.
This review examines the integration of electroencephalography (EEG), machine learning, and statistical analysis as tools for improving the early identification of autism spectrum disorder. The paper compares EEG datasets, preprocessing techniques, feature extraction methods, and classification models while identifying research gaps and future directions in ASD diagnosis.
This study evaluated a custom VR application designed to facilitate communication about sensitive topics between autistic adolescents and their teachers, featuring interactive activities like games and avatar customization. Results from two sessions with one autistic participant suggest VR environments may provide a useful communicative space, though the pilot scale is too small to draw broad conclusions.
This study examined circulating monocyte activation markers in 77 children with autism and 49 typically developing controls, finding significantly increased CD137+ monocytes in the ASD group associated with greater behavioral impairments. Non-classical monocytes were linked to worse behaviors in both ASD and control populations, suggesting immune activation may correlate with autism severity.
This systematic review examined 24 studies on peer-mediated interventions for autistic children aged 6-12, finding most interventions effective for social skills development but noting only 5 included follow-up assessments with mixed results. The analysis evaluates how well these interventions align with the ICF bio-psycho-social model and suggests that explicitly incorporating individual-environment interaction perspectives could improve intervention effectiveness.
This study examined the relationship between visual attention and mirror neuron activity (mu suppression) in autistic and neurotypical children watching biological motion videos while recording eye movements and brain activity. Results showed both groups demonstrated mu suppression during motion observation, but neurotypical children exhibited greater visual attention, with fixation time negatively correlated with mu suppression in both groups.
This educational framework uses autism-related topics to teach students critical analysis of scientific research, including examination of the retracted Wakefield study and its fraudulent vaccine-autism claims. Students also engage in role-playing to understand research funding decisions, neurodiversity perspectives, and how evidence-based advocacy shapes ASD research priorities.
This study evaluated an instructional package combining video training, guided notes, the Autism Healthcare Accommodations Tool, and behavior skills training to help adults with autism communicate their needs and request accommodations from medical providers. Results demonstrated significant improvements in communication skills that generalized to new providers and persisted after intervention removal.
This Bulgarian pilot study investigates the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency among children with cerebral palsy and autism spectrum disorder, examining associated demographic, nutritional, and biochemical factors. The research uses a comparative approach to understand potential nutritional disparities in these populations.
This study of 250 Turkish mothers of autistic children investigated how depression and coping strategies influence their willingness to seek professional psychological help. Results showed depression was positively linked to problem-focused coping but negatively associated with help-seeking attitudes, with problem-solving playing a mediating role between depression and psychological help-seeking.