Spectrul autist și particularitățile asociate.
496 de articoleThis study compared the psychometric properties of two caregiver-report screening instruments (CABS and ABC) for autism spectrum disorder in 154 children suspected of having ASD. The Autism Behavior Checklist demonstrated superior sensitivity and overall performance compared to the Clancy Autism Behavior Scale, with optimal cut-off values of 62 and 13 respectively.
This systematic review of 14 studies examined how parenting a child with ASD affects parents in Saudi Arabia, finding that mothers frequently experience elevated anxiety, stigma, and reduced quality of life. Key factors shaping parental experiences include marital relationship quality, societal stigma, financial strain, ASD severity, and pandemic-related stress, highlighting the need for enhanced psychological and social support.
A machine learning model trained on facial action units from video data to assist in ASD diagnosis by predicting answers to diagnostic questions. The model achieved high accuracy (98.62% AUC-ROC) compared to baseline approaches, potentially reducing time and cost of current diagnostic procedures.
This protocol describes a systematic review and meta-analysis investigating the relationship between different types of congenital heart disease (CHD) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) risk in children. The study will search multiple databases and employ standard meta-analytic methods including bias assessment, heterogeneity testing, and sensitivity analyses.
This study compared intestinal symptoms in 1,222 children with ASD and 1,206 typically developing children aged 2-7 years across 13 Chinese cities using validated scales. Children with ASD showed significantly higher rates of constipation (40.1% vs 25.6%) and other GI issues, which correlated with more severe autism symptom scores.
Autism is a lifelong neurodevelopmental condition with genetic and environmental contributors, characterized by differences in social communication and repetitive behaviors requiring specialized diagnostic assessment. Adults with autism have elevated risks for anxiety and depression, which benefit from adapted psychotherapy and evidence-based treatment of co-occurring conditions alongside behavioral interventions.
This study compared prosodic features (pitch, intensity, timing) between adults with high-functioning ASD and typically developing controls using structured acting-out tasks with 29 scripts. Machine learning models achieved 90.4% accuracy in classifying ASD versus typical development groups, suggesting potential for developing audio-based objective assessment tools for ASD.
This paper reviews animal-assisted therapy approaches for children with autism spectrum disorder, covering various subtypes and outcomes across social-emotional, physical, behavioral, and adaptive domains. The authors synthesize existing research evidence to provide pediatric practitioners with information for counseling families considering this complementary therapeutic option.
This study evaluated tip-toe walking behavior (TTB) in 50 autistic individuals aged 4-26 years using observational and video-based coding protocols, identifying three functional groups based on when TTB occurred. TTB severity and persistence varied among groups, with static toe-walking quantity correlating with dynamic toe-walking quantity, though age, autism severity, and intellectual disability were not significantly associated with TTB prevalence.
This study investigates associations between physical fitness, gray matter volume in specific brain regions, and autism severity in 90 children with ASD using machine learning algorithms. The extreme gradient boosting model achieved 77.9% accuracy in diagnosing autism severity, with muscular strength and thalamic brain volume identified as key predictive features.
This review examines the increasing number of genetic variations identified in autism spectrum disorder and proposes a multidimensional classification system to organize these variants. The classification scheme uses six criteria (extent, onset timing, information content, frequency, gene involvement, and inheritance pattern) to group genetic variations in a way that aligns with the autism spectrum conceptualization.
This study examined associations between autistic traits and everyday memory performance in 22 adults with ASD and 20 healthy controls using the Rivermead Behavioral Memory Test and Autism Spectrum Quotient. Results showed that autistic traits related to social skills and communication significantly predicted everyday memory functioning, particularly prospective memory, suggesting social difficulties may influence memory performance in real-world situations.
This systematic review and meta-analysis examines differences in the face inversion effect (reduced recognition accuracy for inverted faces) between autistic and neurotypical individuals across behavioral and neural measures. The study synthesizes evidence from multiple databases to identify mechanistic-level differences in the specialized face processing system in autism spectrum disorder.
This pilot study examined associations between SNAP-25 gene polymorphisms and autism severity in 41 children, finding that the GG genotype of rs363050 correlated with lower IQ, more severe autistic functioning, and greater attentional difficulties. The research suggests SNAP-25 variants may represent a biological endophenotype in a subgroup of autistic individuals with severe presentations.
This meta-analysis of 59 studies involving over 4,000 participants found that autistic individuals without intellectual disabilities show greater difficulties with cognitive flexibility compared to neurotypical controls, with effect sizes varying by task type. The analysis highlights that while cognitive flexibility challenges characterize autism, substantial heterogeneity exists, suggesting individual variation in this cognitive profile.
This systematic review of 57 studies examines how researchers measure and report structural language abilities in school-aged autistic individuals (ages 3-21) in the U.S., finding substantial inconsistencies in assessment approaches and incomplete reporting of diagnostic variables. The authors recommend improved standardization in how language impairment is documented and characterized to ensure diagnostic accuracy and appropriate access to educational services for autistic students.
This article analyzes whether the character Wednesday Addams from Netflix's series exhibits autistic characteristics by comparing her behaviors to diagnostic frameworks proposed by historical and contemporary researchers (Sukhareva, Asperger, Kanner, DSM-5). The analysis highlights ongoing debates in autism research including categorical versus dimensional conceptualizations of autism and the distinction between autism as disorder versus neurodevelopmental difference.
This comparative study examined 111 children aged 4-10 across three groups: those with both ASD and ARFID, ASD alone, and typical development, using standardized clinical assessments. Children with comorbid ASD and ARFID showed significantly lower quality of life, higher autism severity scores, and compromised sensory processing—particularly in oral sensory domains—compared to other groups.