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StudiuScleroză multiplăÎncredere înaltă21.06.2026

Multiple Sclerosis: Pathophysiology, Clinical Presentation, and Disease Course Classification

Multiple sclerosis is a chronic autoimmune disorder of the central nervous system characterized by demyelination, inflammation, and progressive neuronal loss, presenting with diverse neurological symptoms including vision problems, sensory changes, weakness, and cognitive decline. The disease exhibits distinct clinical courses—relapsing-remitting (70-80% of cases), primary progressive (15-20%), and secondary progressive forms—with symptom onset typically in young adulthood and variable progression timelines.

StudiuScleroză multiplăÎncredere bună21.06.2026

A Ceramide Theory of Multiple Sclerosis

This theoretical framework proposes that MS pathogenesis involves TNFα-induced breakdown of ceramide-based membrane stabilizers (sphingomyelin and galactosylceramide), facilitating immune cell infiltration across the blood-brain barrier and myelin damage. The mechanism explains disease relapsing-remitting patterns and aligns with current B-cell targeted therapeutic approaches.

StudiuScleroză multiplăÎncredere înaltă21.06.2026

Clinical Characteristics and Disease Course of Pediatric-Onset Multiple Sclerosis in Kuwait

This retrospective study examined 249 pediatric MS patients in Kuwait, finding a predominantly female cohort (70.3%) with mean onset age 15 years, most presenting with brainstem/cerebellar symptoms. Most patients remained in relapsing-remitting phenotype during follow-up, though disease breakthrough occurred in 36.1% of cases, prompting escalation or switching of disease-modifying therapies.

StudiuScleroză multiplăÎncredere bună21.06.2026

Dyslipidemia phenotypes and lipoprotein particle distributions in multiple sclerosis

This cross-sectional study examined lipid profiles and lipoprotein particle characteristics in 203 healthy controls, 221 patients with relapsing-remitting MS, and 126 with progressive MS, using advanced NMR profiling and immunoassay methods. Results showed similar dyslipidemia frequency across groups but progressive MS exhibited altered triglyceride-rich and LDL particle concentrations, with lower disability scores associated with higher HDL particle levels.

StudiuScleroză multiplăÎncredere înaltă20.06.2026

Allergic phenotypes and asthma in multiple sclerosis: Epidemiologic and genetic relationships

This study of 1542 MS patients and 700 controls found that people with MS have lower odds of seasonal allergies compared to unaffected controls, with variations by MS disease course. Genetic analysis revealed that MS-specific genetic risk factors (HLA-DRB1*15:01 and non-MHC genetic risk scores) are associated with differential susceptibility to allergic conditions in MS patients.

StudiuScleroză multiplăÎncredere înaltă20.06.2026

Adalimumab-Associated Transverse Myelitis Revealing Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis in a Crohn's Disease Patient: A Case Report

A 40-year-old woman with Crohn's disease on adalimumab presented with acute transverse myelitis characterized by leg weakness and sensory loss. MRI and CSF analysis confirmed CNS demyelination, and combined with a retrospectively identified prior relapse, she was diagnosed with relapsing-remitting MS; discontinuation of adalimumab and corticosteroid treatment led to neurological improvement.

StudiuScleroză multiplăÎncredere bună20.06.2026

Autologous Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation in Multiple Sclerosis: UK Experience and Clinical Outcomes

This commentary discusses a UK study of 364 multiple sclerosis patients treated with autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (aHSCT), showing positive responses across all MS types, with particularly high response rates in relapsing-remitting forms. The authors argue that aHSCT represents a powerful, effective, and safer therapeutic option for MS patients compared to conventional disease-modifying treatments.

StudiuScleroză multiplăÎncredere înaltă20.06.2026

Natalizumab for Multiple Sclerosis: A Systematic Review of Efficacy and Safety

This Cochrane systematic review evaluates natalizumab, a monoclonal antibody approved for highly active relapsing-remitting MS, by synthesizing randomized controlled trials comparing its effectiveness alone or combined with other treatments versus controls or other disease-modifying therapies. The review assesses outcomes including relapse rates, disability progression, adverse events, MRI lesion activity, quality of life, and treatment discontinuation through meta-analysis.

StudiuScleroză multiplăÎncredere bună20.06.2026

Clinical and electrophysiological study of polyneuropathy in patients with multiple sclerosis

This clinical study of 149 MS patients found that 16% developed polyneuropathy (PNP), with highest prevalence (35.7%) in secondary progressive MS, and identified male gender and higher neuropathy scores as risk factors. Nerve conduction studies confirmed demyelinating characteristics of PNP in MS, suggesting peripheral nervous system involvement despite MS primarily affecting the central nervous system.

StudiuScleroză multiplăÎncredere înaltă20.06.2026

Over-Reliance on Prior Expectations in Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis: A Bayesian Analysis of Cognitive Dysfunction

This case-control study applied Bayesian computational modeling to examine how patients with relapsing-remitting MS process temporal information, revealing increased bias toward prior expectations over sensory information compared to healthy controls. The findings suggest that greater sensory measurement noise in MS patients drives this cognitive dysfunction, and unlike healthy aging, age-related changes in reliance on prior expectations are absent in MS patients.

StudiuScleroză multiplăÎncredere bună20.06.2026

Hyperprolactinemia as a manifestation of multiple sclerosis relapse

A 31-year-old woman with MS presented with galactorrhea and elevated prolactin levels without pituitary pathology; both resolved following intravenous methylprednisolone treatment. This case demonstrates that MS-related hyperprolactinemia may not require dopaminergic intervention if the underlying cause is inflammatory demyelination rather than pituitary adenoma.

StudiuScleroză multiplăÎncredere bună20.06.2026

Cardiogenic shock after ocrelizumab infusion in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis

A 42-year-old man with relapsing-remitting MS developed severe reversible left ventricular dysfunction 24-36 hours after ocrelizumab infusion, with comprehensive cardiac investigation excluding ischemic or infectious causes. This case raises awareness of a potential rare cardiotoxic effect of ocrelizumab and underscores the need for cardiac monitoring in MS patients receiving this therapy.

StudiuScleroză multiplăÎncredere bună20.06.2026

Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation for Multiple Sclerosis: Current Evidence and Clinical Applications

This review examines autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (AHSCT) as an emerging therapeutic option for patients with relapsing-remitting MS who are resistant to disease-modifying therapies, demonstrating sustained remission and lower relapse rates compared to conventional treatments. While AHSCT shows promise in preventing progression and improving neurological outcomes, results are mixed in progressive MS cases, and further research is needed to identify optimal patient selection and transplant protocols.

StudiuScleroză multiplăÎncredere înaltă20.06.2026

Impaired Temporal Processing in Multiple Sclerosis: Links to Basal Ganglia Damage and Fatigue

This study demonstrates that people with MS show measurable deficits in both perceptual timing (beat detection) and motor timing (finger-tapping consistency) compared to normative data, attributed to basal ganglia microstructural damage. These timing impairments correlate significantly with disease progression and fatigue severity, suggesting temporal processing measures could serve as objective biomarkers for MS disease activity.

StudiuScleroză multiplăÎncredere înaltă20.06.2026

Multiple Sclerosis Agents: Disease-Modifying and Symptomatic Therapies

Multiple sclerosis is a chronic autoimmune demyelinating disorder of the central nervous system that typically presents between ages 20-40, with higher prevalence in women and Northern European/North American populations. Current therapeutic approaches include disease-modifying immunomodulatory agents (interferons, glatiramer acetate, monoclonal antibodies, fumarates, and others) and symptomatic treatments to manage disease progression and disability.