Atenție, impulsivitate și hiperactivitate.
396 de articoleA study of 211 university students compared adaptive behavior across autistic and non-autistic individuals with varying levels of social anxiety using standardized assessments. Findings showed autistic students had lower conceptual adaptive skills regardless of anxiety level, while social anxiety negatively impacted social adaptive skills in both autistic and non-autistic groups.
This protocol outlines a systematic scoping review examining factors that facilitate or impede the transition from child/adolescent to adult mental health services for autistic youth and/or those with ADHD who have co-occurring mental health conditions. The review will synthesize evidence across multiple databases using established quality assessment criteria to identify evidence-based strategies for improving service continuity.
Adult ADHD involves significant emotional dysregulation and mood-related challenges beyond traditional attention and hyperactivity symptoms. Understanding the emotional manifestations of ADHD is important for comprehensive diagnosis and treatment in adult populations.
This cross-sectional study examined pupillary light responses in 22 ADHD participants and 21 controls using chromatic stimuli to assess autonomic nervous system function. ADHD participants showed reduced pupillary constriction amplitude and velocity to specific light wavelengths, with sex-specific differences noted in males with ADHD.
This preclinical study using spontaneously hypertensive rats demonstrates that reduced hippocampal BAIAP2 protein expression correlates with ADHD-related learning and memory impairment, and that both methylphenidate treatment and BAIAP2 overexpression improve cognitive performance. The researchers identify a potential regulatory interaction between BAIAP2 and a long non-coding RNA, suggesting a new molecular pathway relevant to ADHD pathophysiology.
This controlled study examined how methylphenidate and amphetamine affect subjective sleepiness in 39 young men with ADHD and 20 controls during 25 hours of continuous wakefulness. Unmedicated ADHD participants reported significantly higher sleepiness levels, particularly at night and early morning, while medicated ADHD participants showed sleepiness patterns similar to non-ADHD controls.
This study used machine learning on the Born in Bradford cohort to predict ADHD symptoms in children from perinatal factors including maternal health, smoking, and socioeconomic status, finding infant male sex and maternal pregnancy smoking as the strongest predictors. The model explained 6.97% of variance in ADHD symptoms, demonstrating proof-of-concept for early risk identification while acknowledging the need for additional data to improve accuracy.
This longitudinal neuroimaging study examined white matter development in the limbic system of 72 children with ADHD and 97 controls aged 9-14 years using advanced diffusion MRI techniques. Individuals with ADHD showed significantly lower microstructural organization in the bilateral cingulum bundle, though developmental trajectories were similar between groups, and higher symptom severity correlated with specific white matter characteristics.
A case report examining resting-state QEEG findings in a 31-year-old high-functioning adult with suspected ADHD, revealing elevated theta power in frontal regions and theta/beta ratios exceeding clinical thresholds. The study used FFT analysis and standardized diagnostic criteria (DIVA 2.0) to characterize neurophysiological patterns associated with attentional dysregulation.
This study investigates the neuroprotective mechanisms of Yizhi Decoction (YZD), a traditional herbal formulation, in treating ADHD using spontaneously hypertensive rats as a disease model. YZD treatment dose-dependently reduced hyperactivity and impulsivity while restoring mitochondrial integrity and reducing oxidative stress markers through modulation of the PINK1/Parkin mitophagy pathway in the prefrontal cortex.
This study compared event-related potentials and spectral perturbations during a Go/No-Go task in 90 children with ADHD and 62 typically developing children aged 6-13 years. Children with ADHD showed reduced accuracy, smaller P3 amplitudes, decreased delta-band synchronization, and impaired error monitoring, suggesting distinct neural activation patterns across multiple stages of inhibitory control.
This prospective diary study of 125 naturally cycling adult females with ADHD found that ADHD symptoms (inattention, hyperactivity, impulsivity) and functional impairment significantly increased during the late luteal phase compared to the follicular phase, with participants using nearly twice as much medication during this period. Sleep quality was reduced and perceived stress was elevated in the late luteal phase, both predicting increased next-day symptoms.
A cross-sectional study of 440 participants (ADHD-BPD comorbid, ADHD-only, BPD-only, and healthy controls) examined how early maladaptive schemas and schema modes relate to emotion dysregulation and impulsivity using validated clinical interviews and psychometric scales. Results showed the ADHD-BPD group had significantly elevated emotion dysregulation and impulsivity, with specific schema modes ('Angry Child', 'Enraged Child') and schemas ('Emotional Inhibition', 'Defectiveness/Shame') explaining 85% of emotion dysregulation variance.
A three-round Canadian Delphi study surveyed 96 healthcare professionals to identify key priorities for optimizing ADHD care, with the highest priorities being access to well-trained ADHD specialists and ADHD-related services. The study achieved strong consensus (≥90% agreement) on ten priority items, with healthcare provider expertise and service accessibility being the dominant themes across the top recommendations.
This systematic review evaluated 17 ADHD mobile apps using the Mobile Application Rating Scale to assess quality and engagement features. The findings show moderate overall app quality, with functionality and positive technological features correlating with better user engagement and aesthetics, though most apps focus on psycho-education and symptom management rather than social engagement.
This empirical study examined 104 adults across four groups to assess how cannabis use affects cognitive performance and ADHD symptoms. While chronic cannabis users with ADHD reported subjective symptom improvements, they and non-ADHD users showed objective cognitive deficits; acute intoxication reduced impulsivity and anxiety but impaired overall cognitive function.
Viloxazine ER (Qelbree), a norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor, is FDA-approved for ADHD in adults and showed significant symptom reduction and improved executive function in a 6-week randomized controlled trial. The medication demonstrated sustained benefits over 24 months with good tolerability, with insomnia and headache as the most common side effects and no significant cardiovascular or hepatic safety concerns.
A prospective case-control study of 97 children with ADHD and 194 matched controls found no significant difference in overall maternal progesterone use between groups (17.5% vs 19.1%). Injectable and suppository progesterone use, as well as trimester timing, showed no significant associations with offspring ADHD risk.