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Demențe

Boala Alzheimer și alte forme de demență.

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StudiuDemențeÎncredere bună22.06.2026

Expert Consensus on Amyloid-PET Imaging for Alzheimer's Disease Diagnosis

This expert consensus addresses the clinical application of amyloid positron emission tomography (PET) as a standardized tool for early detection of Alzheimer's disease pathology, which precedes cognitive symptoms. The document recommends binary interpretation (positive/negative) of amyloid-PET results combined with clinical assessment, neuropsychological testing, and other imaging biomarkers for reliable diagnosis and treatment evaluation.

StudiuDemențeÎncredere înaltă22.06.2026

German UCSF Brain Health Assessment Shows High Sensitivity for Early Neurodegenerative Disorders

A validation study of the tablet-based UCSF Brain Health Assessment (BHA) and Brain Health Survey (BHS) in German-speaking patients found these tools highly accurate at detecting mild neurocognitive disorder and non-Alzheimer's presentations, with greater sensitivity than the Montreal Cognitive Assessment. The combined instrument achieved 95% accuracy for mild neurocognitive disorder and 96% accuracy for non-amyloid pathology cases, suggesting potential for earlier identification in primary care settings.

StudiuDemențeÎncredere înaltă22.06.2026

Anticholinergic Deprescribing Interventions for Reducing Cognitive Decline or Dementia Risk in Older Adults

This systematic review examines whether reducing anticholinergic medication burden through deprescribing interventions can prevent or slow cognitive decline in older adults. The review compares effectiveness of different deprescribing approaches (pharmacist-led, physician-led, educational) and evaluates optimal intervention duration and sustainability for maintaining cognitive health.

StudiuDemențeÎncredere bună22.06.2026

Animal-Assisted Therapy for Well-being in Alzheimer's Disease: The ELIAUT Randomized Controlled Trial

A single-blind RCT in 42 Alzheimer's patients compared animal-assisted therapy combined with cognitive stimulation versus cognitive stimulation alone. Animal-assisted therapy produced a statistically significant improvement in immediate well-being after four weeks, but did not affect cognitive function, behavioral symptoms, or depression/anxiety scores.

StudiuDemențeÎncredere înaltă22.06.2026

Hypertension and Dementia: Pathophysiology and Potential Utility of Antihypertensives in Reducing Disease Burden

This review examines hypertension as a modifiable risk factor for dementia, finding that mid-life hypertension (ages 45-64) correlates with increased cognitive decline and dementia risk, while late-life hypertension shows less consistent associations. Evidence on whether antihypertensive treatment effectively prevents dementia remains conflicting across studies, likely due to methodological differences between observational and randomized controlled trials.

StudiuDemențeÎncredere înaltă22.06.2026

Transgenic Amyloid Precursor Protein Mouse Models: Limitations as AD Models but Effective Predictors of Anti-Amyloid Therapies

APP transgenic mice model amyloid pathology in Alzheimer's disease and have successfully predicted the efficacy of anti-amyloid immunotherapies, including their adverse effects like amyloid-related imaging abnormalities (ARIA). While incomplete models of full AD pathology, these early transgenic models have accurately predicted therapeutic responses in human clinical trials that reduce amyloid and slow cognitive decline.

StudiuDemențeÎncredere bună22.06.2026

Can Speaking Multiple Languages Help Delay Alzheimer's Disease Symptoms?

This review examines evidence that bilingualism or multilingualism may increase cognitive reserve through executive control mechanisms, potentially delaying clinical dementia symptoms by 4-5 years despite ongoing neuropathology. While multilingual use does not prevent Alzheimer's disease development, it may compensate for brain changes and reduce lifetime disease burden in older adults.

StudiuDemențeÎncredere înaltă22.06.2026

Proteome-wide Analysis Identifies Cortical Proteins Associated with Cognitive Resilience in Aging and Dementia

This postmortem proteomics study of 604 older adults identified 47 cortical proteins in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex that promote cognitive resilience across different cognitive domains, using mass spectrometry analysis while controlling for Alzheimer disease and related dementia pathologies. The protein NRN1 showed the strongest association, linked to multiple cognitive abilities including semantic memory, suggesting a potential role in protecting against dementia-related cognitive decline.

StudiuDemențeÎncredere bună22.06.2026

Deep Brain Stimulation for Cognitive Decline in Alzheimer Disease: Systematic Review of Clinical Evidence and Target Sites

A systematic review of 14 human studies (1994–2023) examined deep brain stimulation (DBS) targeting three brain regions to slow cognitive decline in Alzheimer disease. The fornix and nucleus basalis of Meynert showed promise in slowing decline according to standardized cognitive scales, though sample sizes were modest and long-term efficacy remains to be established.

StudiuDemențeÎncredere înaltă21.06.2026

Media Representations of Novel Alzheimer's Disease Treatments: Balancing Benefits and Risks

This study analyzes how major US newspapers portrayed disease-modifying treatments (DMTs) for Alzheimer's disease between 2020-2024, finding that media coverage linked treatment risks primarily to efficacy-to-cost ratios. The research identifies tensions between FDA regulatory challenges, expert disagreement over evidence quality, and patient expectations regarding these novel therapies.

StudiuDemențeÎncredere bună21.06.2026

Virtual Reality Interventions for Cognitive Function in Alzheimer's Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

This systematic review and meta-analysis examined the effects of virtual reality interventions on cognitive function in people with Alzheimer's disease across three randomized controlled trials involving 75 participants. VR showed modest improvements in memory performance compared to usual treatment, but demonstrated little to no effect on executive function.

StudiuDemențeÎncredere înaltă21.06.2026

Neuropsychiatric Presentations of Common Dementia Syndromes: A Clinical Review for Primary Care

This review examines neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) across four major dementia syndromes—Alzheimer's disease, vascular dementia, Lewy body dementia, and frontotemporal dementia—highlighting that these symptoms often emerge early or even precede cognitive decline. The article provides clinical guidance for primary care teams to recognize prodromal neurodegenerative disease and initiate appropriate diagnostic workup, addressing gaps in dementia training among frontline practitioners.

StudiuDemențeÎncredere înaltă21.06.2026

Asymmetrical β-amyloid deposition patterns and cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease: findings from the SILCODE study

This longitudinal study examined asymmetric distribution of β-amyloid plaques across the brain in 148 participants spanning normal cognition to Alzheimer's disease dementia. The research found that β-amyloid lateralization varies by disease stage and correlates with cognitive performance, suggesting potential utility as a neuroimaging biomarker for tracking disease progression.

StudiuDemențeÎncredere bună21.06.2026

Hypertension and Cognitive Disorders: A Review of Associations and Therapeutic Implications

This review examines how hypertension contributes to major neurocognitive disorders including Alzheimer's disease, vascular dementia, and Lewy body dementia through vascular damage, inflammation, and blood-brain barrier disruption. While antihypertensive medications show promise in some studies, evidence remains inconsistent, highlighting the need for long-term prospective research to clarify treatment effectiveness and the bidirectional relationship between hypertension and cognitive decline.

StudiuDemențeÎncredere înaltă21.06.2026

Brain Metabolic Resilience in Alzheimer's Disease: A Predictor of Cognitive Decline and Conversion to Dementia

This study quantified metabolic resilience using FDG-PET imaging in 848 participants from the ADNI database to assess its role in predicting cognitive decline and dementia conversion. Results showed that preserved brain glucose metabolism independently predicted slower cognitive decline and reduced dementia conversion risk, suggesting it is a valuable biomarker complementary to structural brain measures.

StudiuDemențeÎncredere bună21.06.2026

Cognitive Reserve and Alzheimer's Disease: Impact on Risk and Progression—A Literature Review

This review examines cognitive reserve (CR), the brain's ability to compensate for pathology through adaptive mechanisms, as a crucial factor in reducing Alzheimer's disease risk and slowing cognitive decline. The authors evaluate measurement methods, interventions, and practical applications, noting that lifestyle choices and occupational complexity may be more informative than education alone in capturing CR complexity.

StudiuDemențeÎncredere bună21.06.2026

Multicenter Open-Label Trial of Ginkgo Biloba Extract EGb 761® for Cognitive Decline in Major Neurocognitive Disorder

A prospective study of 150 patients aged 50+ with Alzheimer's disease or vascular dementia receiving 120 mg of Ginkgo biloba extract twice daily for 18 weeks demonstrated significant improvements in constructional praxis, memory, executive function, and behavioral symptoms using validated cognitive measures. Adverse events were reported in 22% of patients, with no serious safety concerns identified.