Atenție, impulsivitate și hiperactivitate.
396 de articoleViloxazine ER (Qelbree), a norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor, is FDA-approved for ADHD in adults and showed significant symptom reduction and improved executive function in a 6-week randomized controlled trial. The medication demonstrated sustained benefits over 24 months with good tolerability, with insomnia and headache as the most common side effects and no significant cardiovascular or hepatic safety concerns.
A prospective case-control study of 97 children with ADHD and 194 matched controls found no significant difference in overall maternal progesterone use between groups (17.5% vs 19.1%). Injectable and suppository progesterone use, as well as trimester timing, showed no significant associations with offspring ADHD risk.
This study analyzed resting-state brain imaging data from 9-10 year old children in the ABCD Study to identify unique versus shared patterns of brain complexity in children with ADHD, oppositional defiant disorder, OCD, and comorbid conditions. Using sample entropy analysis, researchers compared functional brain activity patterns across executive function networks between children with single diagnoses, multiple diagnoses, and healthy controls.
This Australian population cohort study of over 75,000 individuals with ADHD found that untreated ADHD was associated with increased risk of first criminal offence, which was substantially reduced by stimulant medication in young males. Stimulant treatment showed less protective effect for repeat offences, and some unexpected increased risk in treated females aged 10-17 years, suggesting complex relationships between treatment, sex, and reoffending outcomes.
This study examined 209 inpatients to distinguish bipolar disorder from ADHD by analyzing objective activity patterns (actigraphy) alongside self-reported mood and energy ratings. Machine learning models using actigraphy, sleep, and demographic data successfully predicted severe mood episodes on the same day and the following day, with bipolar disorder showing tighter coupling between activity extremes and mood disturbance.
This paper examines the controversial relationship between maternal acetaminophen use during pregnancy and childhood ADHD risk, reviewing a recent Nature Mental Health study. The authors critically evaluate the methodological strengths and limitations of the research to determine its relevance for clinical practice.
This cross-sectional study of 13,085 French university students examined associations between ADHD symptoms and risky sexual behaviours using validated self-report measures and adjusted logistic regression analysis. Students with elevated ADHD symptoms showed significantly higher rates of early sexual initiation, inconsistent condom use, STI diagnoses, and multiple partners, with female students also showing reduced contraceptive use.
This review examines how different types of physical activity—including aerobic exercise, closed-skill activities (swimming, yoga), open-skill sports, and high-intensity interval training—affect ADHD symptoms in children and adolescents. Evidence suggests structured exercise may improve attention, reduce hyperactivity and impulsivity, and enhance executive function through mechanisms involving brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and catecholamine modulation, though optimal parameters remain to be established.
This comparative study of 100 adults with ADHD and 100 healthy controls found that ADHD adults reported significantly higher screen time, more disrupted circadian rhythms, and poorer sleep quality. Biological rhythm disruption was identified as the strongest predictor of poor sleep quality across both groups, exceeding the predictive power of ADHD symptom severity or screen time alone.
This study of 150 children aged 8-12 years found that those with both Specific Learning Disorder and ADHD showed significantly elevated autistic traits compared to ADHD-only groups, with deficits in motivation, executive function, and motor skills being key predictors. Findings suggest that autistic trait expression in neurodevelopmental comorbidity is associated with underlying motivational, executive, and sensorimotor impairments rather than existing as an independent condition.
This study compared interoceptive abilities (perception of internal bodily signals) in 57 adults without ADHD and 30 with ADHD diagnoses using behavioral measures like the heartbeat counting task and self-report questionnaires. Adults with ADHD showed significantly lower interoceptive accuracy, confidence, and insight compared to controls, even after accounting for confounding factors like depression and autistic traits.
This preregistered study of 2,567 adults examined shared latent structures between ADHD symptoms and personality dysfunction using dimensional models and structural equation modeling. Results showed ADHD components correlate strongly with impaired personality functioning and moderately with pathological traits, especially disinhibition, which remained substantially associated with ADHD after accounting for general personality pathology.
This study examined how sleep disturbances relate to emotion dysregulation in 139 children with ADHD aged 8-12 years using caregiver-completed questionnaires. Results showed sleep problems were primarily associated with emotion lability, especially difficulty regulating positive affect, providing clinical insights into the sleep-emotion regulation relationship in ADHD.
This study compared hoarding disorder symptom severity between 68 patients with and without comorbid ADHD using structured diagnostic interviews and validated rating scales. No significant differences in hoarding severity were found between the two groups, suggesting ADHD diagnosis does not predict worse hoarding symptoms.
A retrospective cohort study of 1,992 children with atopic dermatitis identified four distinct disease trajectories and found that early-onset persistent and early-onset transient AD were associated with 3.7 and 2.7 times higher odds of ADHD diagnosis, respectively. The study suggests that childhood AD patterns may be linked to increased ADHD risk, though the mechanisms remain to be elucidated.
This narrative review examines diagnostic barriers pediatricians face when identifying ADHD in children, particularly in resource-limited and culturally diverse regions like the Middle East and North Africa. Six major obstacles are identified: symptom overlap with other conditions, reliance on subjective reports, cultural/societal stigma, variable clinical training, limited access to multidisciplinary evaluation, and systemic communication gaps.
This study examined diagnostic delays in ADHD diagnosis among 252 adolescent psychiatric outpatients, finding girls experienced significantly longer delays (4.9 years) compared to boys (1.4 years). Comorbid depressive symptoms were associated with prolonged diagnostic delay, particularly in girls, suggesting that depression may mask or complicate early ADHD identification in female adolescents.
This retrospective cohort study of 86 pediatric patients investigated whether secondary ADHD (S-ADHD) develops after mild traumatic brain injury, comparing 10 patients who developed new ADHD diagnoses with 76 who did not. While no acute clinical features at baseline predicted S-ADHD development, children with secondary ADHD required significantly longer follow-up monitoring (median 536 vs. 132 days), suggesting prolonged clinical oversight is important in this population.