Methamphetamine Use and Parkinson's Disease Risk: Clinical Recognition in Substance Users
Epidemiological and animal evidence indicates methamphetamine use significantly increases risk for Parkinson's disease and parkinsonism, potentially with earlier onset. Despite elevated prevalence in methamphetamine users, diagnosis is often missed due to under-detection, competing mortality risks, and confounding substance use patterns; clinicians should maintain vigilance for parkinsonian symptoms in this population.