The Effect of Mild Traumatic Brain Injury on the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Ovarian Axis: A Narrative Review
This narrative review examines how mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) affects the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis, particularly in females who experience disproportionately worse outcomes and higher rates of menstrual dysfunction post-injury. The authors synthesize evidence on sex differences, pituitary hormone regulation, and downstream reproductive health consequences to identify research gaps and clinical recommendations for female mTBI patients.