Prodromal Peripheral Immune Cell Profile in Drug-Induced Parkinsonism Relative to Parkinson's Disease
This study compared immune cell profiles in individuals with drug-induced Parkinsonism (DIP) and idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD) using UK Biobank data, finding that both conditions showed elevated neutrophil counts and immune inflammation markers approximately 9 years before diagnosis. However, immune alterations in DIP were attributable to psychiatric comorbidities, while reduced lymphocyte counts appeared to be a distinctive prodromal biomarker specific to PD.