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This commentary examines methodological considerations for animal models used in traumatic brain injury research. It presents critical questions to improve the validity and translational relevance of preclinical TBI studies.
This review traces the evolution of concussion knowledge from the 10th century to modern times, highlighting Harrison Martland's 1928 postmortem studies of boxers that first documented structural brain changes underlying 'punch drunk' syndrome. The article examines how understanding of concussion's long-term consequences has progressed to include recognition of chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) in athletes and military personnel, and discusses current preventative and therapeutic research directions.
This epidemiological study examined head injury prevalence and outcomes in 818 older American Indians (mean age 73) from the Strong Heart Study, finding 40% reported prior head injury with 4-6% experiencing loss of consciousness exceeding 20 minutes. Those with previous head injury demonstrated significantly worse depressive symptoms, quality of life, fatigue, and social functioning compared to those without injury history, with male sex and prior stroke identified as independent risk factors.
This prospective study evaluated the feasibility of screening for convergence insufficiency (CI) symptoms in emergency department patients with mild traumatic brain injury using the Convergence Insufficiency Symptom Survey (CISS). Higher CISS scores were associated with adverse outcomes including post-concussive symptoms and hospital admission, suggesting oculomotor assessment may help identify patients at risk for poor recovery after mTBI.
This preclinical study demonstrates that JNJ-7777120, a histamine H4 receptor antagonist, improves motor and sensory function in rats with mild traumatic brain injury by reducing neuroinflammation, apoptosis, and oxidative stress. The neuroprotective effects occur through blockade of ERK1/2/NF-κB signaling pathways.