Paraben and Phthalate Exposure in Adolescents With ADHD: A Case-Control Study
This case-control study compared urinary concentrations of parabens and phthalate metabolites between 39 adolescents with clinically diagnosed ADHD and 41 healthy controls, finding differences in several chemical metabolites and an association between dimethyl phthalate and ADHD status. The study used validated laboratory methods and adjusted for socioeconomic and anthropometric factors, though the authors note that findings for compounds with low detection frequency should be interpreted cautiously.