Metformin's Anti-Seizure Mechanisms in Epilepsy: Pathways and Therapeutic Potential
This mechanistic review examines how metformin, an FDA-approved antidiabetic agent, may reduce seizures in treatment-resistant epilepsy through multiple pathways including AMPK activation, mTOR inhibition, and BDNF enhancement with neuroprotective effects. The authors propose metformin as a potential adjunctive agent to conventional anti-epileptic drugs, supported by preclinical evidence of reduced neuroinflammation and seizure severity.