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University of Otago research published in the Journal of Biomechanics demonstrates that smart mouthguard systems use standardized models that fail to account for biological variation across different sexes, ages, and body sizes. This limitation may result in serious traumatic brain injuries being undetected during impact assessment in rugby players.
The CDC developed a tiered case definition for self-reported traumatic brain injury (TBI) to improve national surveillance, addressing limitations of hospital-based data that undercount TBIs occurring in outpatient and untreated settings. This surveillance system aims to better estimate the public health burden of concussion and TBI across all causes of brain injury in the United States.
This article critically examines divergent diagnostic criteria for mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) used across clinical and forensic settings, including ACRM, VA/DoD, DSM-5-TR, ICD-11, and CISG frameworks, highlighting their differing evidentiary standards and practical limitations. The authors review evidence-based approaches to diagnostic uncertainty, emerging blood biomarkers (GFAP, UCH-L1, NfL, S100B), and the scope of neuropsychological opinion in legal contexts, addressing challenges in retrospective determination and mechanistic complexity in injury mechanisms.
This retrospective cohort study analyzed Medicare claims data (2010-2017) to assess how concurrent traumatic brain injury affects recovery outcomes in elderly patients hospitalized for hip fracture. Among 101,196 beneficiaries, those with TBI (3.1%) had higher mortality and fewer days spent at home during the 12-month follow-up period, despite being older with greater comorbidity burden.
This narrative review examines how mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) affects the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis, particularly in females who experience disproportionately worse outcomes and higher rates of menstrual dysfunction post-injury. The authors synthesize evidence on sex differences, pituitary hormone regulation, and downstream reproductive health consequences to identify research gaps and clinical recommendations for female mTBI patients.
