Spectrul autist și particularitățile asociate.
223 de articoleResearchers developed a carbon-fiber nanosensor capable of distinguishing Autism Spectrum Disorder from Intellectual Disability by measuring real-time nitric oxide production in patient-derived stem cells. This approach successfully differentiates the two conditions even when they share identical genetic mutations, offering a potential biomarker-based diagnostic tool.
This study proposes using YOLOv8-11 object detection models on preprocessed structural MRI scans to detect neuroanatomical abnormalities associated with autism spectrum disorder, achieving accuracy rates exceeding 98%. The framework processes 3D MRI data into 2D image sequences across multiple planes while accounting for age-related brain changes, demonstrating superior performance compared to traditional deep learning architectures for potential clinical support in early ASD diagnosis.
This cross-cultural study examined narrative ability and visual attention patterns in autistic individuals from the United States and Hong Kong using eye-tracking technology while participants narrated a wordless picture book. Results indicated that autistic individuals from both cultures exhibited similar difficulties with identifying key story components and demonstrated more rigid gaze patterns compared to non-autistic controls, suggesting cultural and linguistic factors interact with autism to influence narrative abilities.
This meta-analytical review examines the clinical effectiveness of virtual reality interventions for individuals with autism spectrum disorder, particularly in physical therapy contexts. The analysis synthesizes evidence on therapeutic outcomes and efficacy of VR-based treatment approaches across multiple studies.
This transdiagnostic study investigates how autistic traits manifest across patients with mood and psychotic spectrum disorders in an outpatient setting. The research uses empirical methods to map trait profiles, potentially improving diagnostic precision and treatment approaches for individuals with overlapping presentations.
This scoping review examines theatre-based interventions as a therapeutic approach for individuals with autism spectrum disorder across different age groups. The review synthesizes evidence on how theatrical techniques may support social communication, emotional expression, and other developmental outcomes in autistic populations.
Researchers developed a mannose-modified nanomicelle (Man-LA) designed to deliver hydrogen sulfide directly to the brain via GLUT1 transporters in astrocytes, and demonstrated in rat autism models that it alleviates behavioral symptoms while promoting aerobic glycolysis and protecting hippocampal neurons. The study identifies dysregulation of astrocytic aerobic glycolysis and H₂S signaling as potentially important in autism pathophysiology, though these findings remain preclinical and require human validation.
This double-blind randomized trial compared agomelatine and escitalopram in 51 people with epilepsy and major depressive disorder, evaluating effects on depression, seizure frequency, sleep, cognition, and quality of life. Both medications improved depression similarly with minimal adverse events; escitalopram showed greater quality-of-life improvement while agomelatine showed better verbal memory outcomes, with no significant effects on seizure frequency in either group.
A case report describes a patient with ADHD and treatment-resistant depression who developed serotonin syndrome postoperatively due to concurrent use of venlafaxine, opioids, stimulants, and cannabis. The condition was diagnosed using Hunter criteria and successfully reversed through discontinuation of serotonergic medications and supportive care.
This study applied the Evaluation of Autism Gene Link Evidence (EAGLE) framework to systematically curate 222 genes associated with neurodevelopmental disorders, identifying 78 with definitive evidence for autism association, 43 with moderate evidence, and 99 with limited evidence. The analysis revealed differential expression and enrichment patterns at brain and cellular levels, establishing biological relevance for distinguishing autism-specific genetic associations from broader neurodevelopmental disorder phenotypes.
This systematic review identified five key themes influencing resilience in parents of children with ASD: sociodemographic/economic factors, child characteristics, parenting well-being, psychological factors/coping styles, and social support. The findings emphasize that parental resilience is multifactorial, influenced by psychological, social, and contextual elements, though most included studies were cross-sectional, limiting causal inference.
This survey of 242 GPs assessed their knowledge of autism spectrum disorder symptoms, referral practices, and attitudes toward ASD etiology and treatment. While most GPs recognized core social communication symptoms, significant knowledge gaps existed regarding sensory symptoms and atypical presentations, with postgraduate ASD training associated with improved recognition competence.
This cross-sectional study evaluated 748 medical students in Turkish universities using validated questionnaires to assess their knowledge about ASD and societal attitudes toward autism. Results showed that while two-thirds attended ASD training, 39.4% lacked confidence in managing suspected ASD cases, and students with prior clinical experience or personal connections to individuals with ASD demonstrated significantly better knowledge and more positive attitudes.
This experimental study investigated developmental changes in peripheral blood biomarkers (BDNF, neurotrophins, cytokines, serotonin) in rats with autism-like features induced prenatally using valproic acid and poly I:C. Behavioral screening confirmed autism phenotypes, and blood samples were analyzed at 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks of age to characterize biochemical alterations.
Shank3 mutant beagles represent a potentially valuable preclinical model for autism research due to their naturally evolved social behaviors that more closely resemble human autism phenotypes than rodent models. This approach aims to address the high failure rate in translating autism drug candidates from animal studies to human clinical trials.
This retrospective cohort study analyzed 5,595 Japanese patients newly diagnosed with bipolar disorder to examine whether a prior depression diagnosis and its duration affected psychiatric and all-cause hospitalization rates and mortality. Patients with prior depression history showed slightly lower all-cause hospitalization risk (HR=0.87), with duration of preceding depression (≥1 year vs <1 year) not significantly altering psychiatric hospitalization outcomes.
This academic paper traces the historical origins of the term 'autism' coined by Eugen Bleuler in 1910 to describe schizophrenia, and how the concept was later borrowed to describe autism spectrum disorder, leading to diagnostic confusion. The authors argue that autistic features in schizophrenia differ fundamentally from autism spectrum disorder—rooted in self-disorder rather than developmental autism—and propose this distinction is crucial for accurate differential diagnosis and appropriate treatment.
This literature review examines the association between bipolar disorder and Parkinson's disease, focusing on their shared dopaminergic dysfunction in nigrostriatal and mesolimbic pathways. Recent analyses and meta-analyses show increased risk of developing Parkinson's disease in bipolar disorder patients, though differentiating idiopathic from medication-induced parkinsonism requires careful evaluation including DAT scans.
