Spectrul autist și particularitățile asociate.
223 de articoleResearchers developed a carbon-fiber nanosensor capable of distinguishing Autism Spectrum Disorder from Intellectual Disability by measuring real-time nitric oxide production in patient-derived stem cells. This approach successfully differentiates the two conditions even when they share identical genetic mutations, offering a potential biomarker-based diagnostic tool.
This study proposes using YOLOv8-11 object detection models on preprocessed structural MRI scans to detect neuroanatomical abnormalities associated with autism spectrum disorder, achieving accuracy rates exceeding 98%. The framework processes 3D MRI data into 2D image sequences across multiple planes while accounting for age-related brain changes, demonstrating superior performance compared to traditional deep learning architectures for potential clinical support in early ASD diagnosis.
This systematic review examined 17 studies on cannabidiol (CBD), cannabidivarin (CBDV), and THC use in pediatric neurodevelopmental disorders, finding generally mild-to-moderate adverse effects with low treatment discontinuation rates. Preliminary evidence suggests behavioral improvements in autism and Fragile X syndrome, and seizure reduction in Rett syndrome, though most studies were observational or case series with differential effects between CBD alone and CBD combined with THC.
Researchers developed a flexible sensor system using liquid metal electrodes to detect color preferences in autistic children through touch-based interaction combined with machine learning. The system achieved 98% recognition accuracy and offers a non-burdensome method for individualized color preference assessment.
This cross-cultural study examined narrative ability and visual attention patterns in autistic individuals from the United States and Hong Kong using eye-tracking technology while participants narrated a wordless picture book. Results indicated that autistic individuals from both cultures exhibited similar difficulties with identifying key story components and demonstrated more rigid gaze patterns compared to non-autistic controls, suggesting cultural and linguistic factors interact with autism to influence narrative abilities.
This meta-analytical review examines the clinical effectiveness of virtual reality interventions for individuals with autism spectrum disorder, particularly in physical therapy contexts. The analysis synthesizes evidence on therapeutic outcomes and efficacy of VR-based treatment approaches across multiple studies.
This epidemiological study analyzed national survey data from 2016–2024 to examine prevalence trends in ADHD, autism spectrum disorder, learning disabilities, intellectual disability, and other developmental delays in US children aged 3–17 years. Results showed significant increases in ADHD, learning disabilities, and autism prevalence, with distinct age patterns, while intellectual disability remained stable, highlighting a growing public health challenge requiring enhanced early identification and research.
This transdiagnostic study investigates how autistic traits manifest across patients with mood and psychotic spectrum disorders in an outpatient setting. The research uses empirical methods to map trait profiles, potentially improving diagnostic precision and treatment approaches for individuals with overlapping presentations.
This scoping review examines theatre-based interventions as a therapeutic approach for individuals with autism spectrum disorder across different age groups. The review synthesizes evidence on how theatrical techniques may support social communication, emotional expression, and other developmental outcomes in autistic populations.
Researchers developed a mannose-modified nanomicelle (Man-LA) designed to deliver hydrogen sulfide directly to the brain via GLUT1 transporters in astrocytes, and demonstrated in rat autism models that it alleviates behavioral symptoms while promoting aerobic glycolysis and protecting hippocampal neurons. The study identifies dysregulation of astrocytic aerobic glycolysis and H₂S signaling as potentially important in autism pathophysiology, though these findings remain preclinical and require human validation.
This validation study examined the German version of the Anxiety Scale for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder-Parent Version (ASC-ASD-P) in 317 youth at an autism clinic, including 120 autistic children, demonstrating excellent internal consistency and convergent validity with established behavioral measures. Autistic youth showed higher anxiety and uncertainty scores than non-autistic peers, confirming the scale's sensitivity to autism-specific anxiety presentations, though some subscales require refinement for broader applicability across the autism spectrum.
This double-blind, placebo-controlled trial (n=70) evaluated rosiglitazone, an anti-diabetic agent with neuroprotective properties, combined with risperidone for reducing irritability in autistic children over 10 weeks. Rosiglitazone showed modest but statistically significant benefits for irritability symptoms with good tolerability, though results were limited by small sample size and short study duration.
This double-blind randomized trial compared agomelatine and escitalopram in 51 people with epilepsy and major depressive disorder, evaluating effects on depression, seizure frequency, sleep, cognition, and quality of life. Both medications improved depression similarly with minimal adverse events; escitalopram showed greater quality-of-life improvement while agomelatine showed better verbal memory outcomes, with no significant effects on seizure frequency in either group.
A case report describes a patient with ADHD and treatment-resistant depression who developed serotonin syndrome postoperatively due to concurrent use of venlafaxine, opioids, stimulants, and cannabis. The condition was diagnosed using Hunter criteria and successfully reversed through discontinuation of serotonergic medications and supportive care.
This study applied the Evaluation of Autism Gene Link Evidence (EAGLE) framework to systematically curate 222 genes associated with neurodevelopmental disorders, identifying 78 with definitive evidence for autism association, 43 with moderate evidence, and 99 with limited evidence. The analysis revealed differential expression and enrichment patterns at brain and cellular levels, establishing biological relevance for distinguishing autism-specific genetic associations from broader neurodevelopmental disorder phenotypes.
This article reviews emerging biomarker research and biosensor technologies for earlier, more objective detection of autism spectrum disorder, moving beyond subjective behavioral assessments. The review covers protein-based biomarkers (amino acids, neurotransmitters), genetic variants (SNPs, CNVs), neuroimaging approaches (MRI/fMRI), and innovations in nanotechnology-enabled biosensors for non-invasive real-time monitoring.
This systematic review identified five key themes influencing resilience in parents of children with ASD: sociodemographic/economic factors, child characteristics, parenting well-being, psychological factors/coping styles, and social support. The findings emphasize that parental resilience is multifactorial, influenced by psychological, social, and contextual elements, though most included studies were cross-sectional, limiting causal inference.
A 12-year-old girl with autism spectrum disorder, Landau-Kleffner syndrome, and intellectual disability developed galactorrhea, vision problems, and falls while taking risperidone, with laboratory findings showing elevated prolactin (40.2 ng/mL) but normal imaging excluding pituitary tumor. Switching from risperidone to olanzapine resulted in complete symptom resolution and prolactin normalization (2.2 ng/mL) within three months, highlighting the importance of monitoring prolactin levels in children on antipsychotic medication.
