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Demențe

Boala Alzheimer și alte forme de demență.

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StudiuDemențeÎncredere bună20.06.2026

Trajectories of cognitive decline in neurocognitive disorders: A seven-year retrospective cohort study

This 7-year retrospective study of 791 memory clinic patients examined cognitive decline patterns across three neurocognitive disorder etiologies: Alzheimer's disease, vascular encephalopathy, and mixed presentations. Alzheimer's disease showed steeper annual cognitive decline (~2.0 MMSE points/year) compared to vascular disease, while early diagnosis and higher baseline cognitive scores were associated with slower decline.

StudiuDemențeÎncredere bună20.06.2026

MTHFR Gene Polymorphisms and Their Association with Metabolic Changes, Brain Imaging Findings, and Cognitive Decline in Alzheimer's Disease

This case-control study of 240 participants examined how MTHFR gene variants (C677T and A1298C) influence Alzheimer's disease risk through disruptions in one-carbon metabolism and increased homocysteine levels. Researchers found these polymorphisms significantly associated with AD risk and correlated with metabolic alterations, reduced cognitive function, and white matter changes on MRI.

StudiuDemențeÎncredere bună20.06.2026

The Vascular Hypothesis of Dementia, including Alzheimer's Disease, and Risk Factors for Vascular and Alzheimer's Dementia in African Populations

This work explores the vascular hypothesis as a mechanism underlying both Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia, with particular attention to how cardiovascular risk factors contribute to dementia development. The research examines prevalence patterns and etiological factors specific to African populations, addressing potential disparities in dementia pathophysiology and risk profiles.

StudiuDemențeÎncredere bună20.06.2026

Sex Differences in Dementia with Lewy Bodies: Role of Alzheimer's Disease Biomarkers

This retrospective study of 310 DLB patients examined whether sex-related clinical differences are explained by Alzheimer's disease cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers. While AD co-pathology accounts for some sex differences (REM sleep disorder, cognitive scores), other features like parkinsonism appear driven by additional mechanisms independent of AD biology.

StudiuDemențeÎncredere înaltă20.06.2026

Inflammation as a Mediator of Air Pollution's Role in Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementias

This study examined the relationship between air pollution exposure and cognitive decline in older adults, finding that exposure to fine particulate matter (PM₁₀) increases Alzheimer's disease risk, with inflammatory marker C-reactive protein mediating approximately 43% of this effect. Using genetic and observational data from over 7,000 Chinese participants, the research provides evidence that air pollution may causally contribute to dementia through inflammation-related pathways.

StudiuDemențeÎncredere înaltă20.06.2026

Body Weight Variability and Dementia Risk: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

This meta-analysis of 16 cohort studies found that high body weight fluctuation is associated with increased risk of all-cause dementia, Alzheimer's disease, and vascular dementia, with hazard ratios ranging from 1.33 to 1.40 compared to stable weight. No significant association was found between weight variability and general cognitive decline, and evidence certainty was assessed using rigorous GRADE methodology.

StudiuDemențeÎncredere bună20.06.2026

Anti-Amyloid Drugs for Alzheimer's Disease: Considering the Role of Depression

This article examines how anti-amyloid monoclonal antibodies used to treat Alzheimer's disease may interact with or influence depression, a common comorbidity in elderly patients. The review discusses the neurobiological connections between amyloid pathology and mood disorders, and implications for treatment outcomes.

StudiuDemențeÎncredere bună19.06.2026

Aspirin as a neuroprotective scaffold in Alzheimer's disease: inflammation, oxidative stress, and future directions

This review examines aspirin's potential therapeutic role in Alzheimer's disease by targeting neuroinflammation and oxidative stress, two key pathological mechanisms in cognitive decline. The article discusses aspirin's multi-target pharmacological properties beyond its conventional anti-inflammatory COX inhibition, proposing it as a basis for developing disease-modifying treatments.

StudiuDemențeÎncredere bună19.06.2026

Donanemab and Lecanemab for Mild Alzheimer's Disease: Clinical Efficacy, Safety, and Implementation Challenges

This review examines two disease-modifying monoclonal antibodies—lecanemab and donanemab—that target amyloid-beta pathology in early-stage Alzheimer's disease, showing modest cognitive decline reductions (27-29%) over 18-76 months in clinical trials. Key challenges addressed include variable efficacy across demographic groups, amyloid-related imaging abnormalities, cost barriers, and the need for more inclusive research and personalized treatment approaches.

StudiuDemențeÎncredere bună19.06.2026

Death-Associated Protein Kinase 1 and Its Role in Alzheimer's Disease Pathogenesis: A Molecular Review

This review examines death-associated protein kinase 1 (DAPK1) as a promising therapeutic target for Alzheimer's disease, exploring its involvement in key pathogenic mechanisms including amyloid-beta accumulation, tau phosphorylation, neuronal cell death, and mitochondrial dysfunction. The authors discuss potential treatment strategies using small molecules, microRNAs, and natural compounds that could modulate DAPK1 activity.

StudiuDemențeÎncredere înaltă19.06.2026

Baseline Brain Volumes Predict Cognitive Decline More Robustly Than Atrophy Rates: Evidence for Brain Reserve

This longitudinal study of 75 Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative participants found that baseline brain structure measurements (particularly lateral ventricle size and hippocampal/thalamic volumes) were stronger predictors of cognitive decline and MCI conversion than rates of brain atrophy. The findings support the brain reserve concept, showing that structural capacity at baseline is more informative than dynamic changes for predicting cognitive trajectories across the disease continuum.

StudiuDemențeÎncredere înaltă19.06.2026

Stage-specific hippocampal network degeneration links amyloid-β pathology to cognitive decline in mild cognitive impairment: right subiculum as structural biomarker

This study examined 465 participants across the Alzheimer's disease continuum to understand how amyloid-β pathology causes cognitive decline through hippocampal subfield atrophy. Progressive hippocampal degeneration at the mild cognitive impairment stage mediated amyloid-related cognitive decline in memory, global cognition, and attention, with the right subiculum identified as a key structural biomarker.

StudiuDemențeÎncredere înaltă19.06.2026

Validation of proper name recall decline with pTau217 as an early cognitive marker in at-risk cognitively unimpaired adults

This study validates that proper name recall from the Logical Memory task is sensitive to blood-based pTau217 levels, with participants showing higher pTau217 concentrating displaying steeper cognitive decline. APOE ε4 allele carriers with elevated pTau217 showed greater longitudinal decline, suggesting proper name recall may be a useful marker for detecting early cognitive changes in preclinical Alzheimer's disease.

StudiuDemențeÎncredere înaltă19.06.2026

Persistent Functional Impairment as a Preclinical Marker of Alzheimer's Disease: Advancing Dementia Risk Prediction

Research shows that persistent (not temporary) functional decline in cognitively normal older adults is a strong predictor of future cognitive decline and dementia development. The study proposes using functional trajectory monitoring as a practical, scalable biomarker for early dementia detection that complements cognitive testing and biomarkers.

StudiuDemențeÎncredere înaltă19.06.2026

Advanced diffusion MRI tract signatures in Alzheimer's disease, dementia with Lewy bodies, and the FTD/PPA spectrum

This review examines diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI) findings across multiple dementia types, including Alzheimer's disease, dementia with Lewy bodies, frontotemporal dementia, and primary progressive aphasia, identifying both shared and disease-specific patterns of white matter degeneration. Advanced dMRI methods such as NODDI and free-water imaging reveal microstructural alterations in specific brain tracts that correlate with each syndrome's clinical features and may improve early diagnosis and disease monitoring.

StudiuDemențeÎncredere bună19.06.2026

Epidemiological and clinical features of Alzheimer's disease in a memory clinic in Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire

A retrospective hospital-based study of 36 Alzheimer's disease patients in sub-Saharan Africa found mean age 70.5 years, significant memory loss (89.2%), and bilateral hippocampal atrophy on MRI as the primary radiological finding. The study identified associations between disease severity and factors including age, education level, and different patterns of brain atrophy.

StudiuDemențeÎncredere înaltă19.06.2026

Advances in Anti-Dementia Therapies in Older Adults

Recent updates in dementia treatment include traditional medications (acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, memantine) now used off-label for vascular dementia, alongside newly approved amyloid-targeting monoclonal antibodies (lecanemab, donanemab) that show disease-modifying effects in early Alzheimer's disease but require careful monitoring for adverse effects. Non-pharmacological interventions such as regular exercise and multimodal lifestyle programs demonstrate cognitive benefits, while digital health applications and GLP-1 analogs show mixed or limited evidence.

StudiuDemențeÎncredere înaltă19.06.2026

Hippocampal GFAP in aging: Associations with Alzheimer's disease and LATE-NC pathologies and cognitive decline in older adults

This neuropathological study found that glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) burden in the hippocampus is associated with both Alzheimer's disease-related pathologies (particularly neurofibrillary tangles and LATE-NC) and cognitive decline in older adults. Hippocampal GFAP appears to contribute to cognitive decline independently of these pathologies, suggesting it may be an important marker of neurodegeneration.