Atenție, impulsivitate și hiperactivitate.
202 articoleThis cross-sectional study examines how four different definitions of developmental disability produce varying population estimates and service utilization patterns using US national survey data and residential facility records. Understanding these definitional differences is essential for accurate prevalence estimation and effective policy analysis in planning developmental disability services.
This study systematically compared how three large language models (ChatGPT GPT-4o, Gemini, and DeepSeek R1) respond to 22 commonly asked ADHD questions across four domains, finding all models achieved high accuracy (87-91%) as independently verified by psychiatry specialists. Reproducibility was strong across models, with ChatGPT showing slightly superior performance in treatment domains while Gemini and DeepSeek excelled in basic knowledge and diagnosis.
This study examined relationships between nomophobia (fear of being without a mobile phone), anxiety, and depression in 89 mothers, comparing 41 mothers of children with ADHD to 48 control mothers. Results showed mothers of children with ADHD reported higher nomophobia, anxiety, and depression scores, with significant positive correlations between nomophobia and both anxiety and depression symptoms in the ADHD group.
This study compared visual perception in 45 adults (22 with ADHD, 23 controls) using a computerized task measuring ability to identify target letters amid flanking distractors. Adults with ADHD showed significantly stronger foveal crowding effects and slower response times, suggesting reduced capacity to filter irrelevant visual information; segmentation cues improved performance in both groups.
A comprehensive analysis of ADHD epidemiology in individuals under 20 using 2021 Global Burden of Disease data found 46.9 million prevalent cases and 4.1 million incident cases globally in 2021, with a global prevalence of 1.78% and notable regional variations. Prevalence decreased modestly from 1990-2021, was higher in males than females, and correlated with higher sociodemographic development.
This longitudinal study examined how clinical factors (irritability, anxiety), cognitive processes (emotion recognition, working memory), and negative thought patterns mediate the relationship between ADHD and subsequent depression across childhood, adolescence, and adulthood using two large cohorts. Clinical mediators were most influential in childhood and young adulthood, while negative thought patterns played a larger role in adolescence, with combined mediators explaining 29-48% of the ADHD-depression effect.
This network meta-analysis of 74 studies examined inflammatory markers across ASD, ADHD, and healthy controls, involving over 10,000 participants. Results identified distinct immune dysregulation patterns, with ASD showing elevated CRP, IL-6, IL-8, IL-1β and BDNF, while ADHD showed lower TNF-α, IL-2, and MCP-1 compared to controls.
This article addresses underrecognized ADHD in medical professionals and proposes 'Record and Read' (R&R), a self-implemented strategy combining auditory reinforcement and the production effect to support reading comprehension and retention of scientific literature. The approach builds on prior work introducing video-based learning aids designed to accommodate attention challenges in physicians and trainees with ADHD.
This study examined EEG aperiodic components and brain network connectivity in 110 medication-naive children with ADHD versus 100 typically developing peers aged 6-14 years. Results showed ADHD involves atypical age-related developmental changes in neural activity, with younger children displaying focal frontal abnormalities linked to inattention and hyperactivity, while adolescents exhibit broader network dysregulation in default mode pathways.
This cross-sectional study examined quality of life outcomes in 931 caregivers of children with ASD, ADHD, or both conditions, using the PedsQL Family Impact Module. Caregivers of children with ADHD-only reported lower stress and better communication outcomes, while those caring for children with both conditions experienced greater decision-making difficulties and other psychosocial challenges.
A longitudinal study of 2,186 Hong Kong adolescents and young adults examined the prevalence and mental health outcomes of ASD, ADHD, and comorbid presentations, finding that comorbidity was associated with psychotic-like experiences while ASD alone correlated with poorer functioning and ADHD alone with higher depression/anxiety. Specific symptom profiles (attention switching difficulties, sensory sensitivities, working memory issues) predicted different mental health outcomes at 1-year follow-up.
Sleep problems are highly prevalent in both ASD and ADHD, and can exacerbate core symptoms while increasing parental stress, necessitating proper assessment and treatment. This literature review examines the burden, pathophysiology, etiology, and evidence-based evaluation and management strategies for sleep disorders across both conditions.
This systematic review examined 18 studies (2017-2022) on neurofeedback training protocols for ADHD treatment, finding efficacy comparable to stimulant medications. Authors note neurofeedback should not be used as standalone treatment and recommend further clinical trials to establish protocols as viable alternatives.
This cross-sectional study compared oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) in 141 patients with depression or ADHD against 145 healthy controls using validated assessment tools. Patients with depression and ADHD showed significantly reduced OHRQoL scores and complex relationships between oral hygiene behaviors and health outcomes.
This study examined memory performance on the Child and Adolescent Memory Profile (ChAMP) in 146 youth with ASD (92 with co-occurring ADHD, 54 without), finding that ChAMP performance did not predict ADHD co-occurrence and showed no additive memory effects. The study sample performed better than the ChAMP manual's ASD reference sample on all measures, suggesting potential population differences in memory profiles across ASD groups.
This retrospective study examined whether treating sleep-disordered breathing with a monobloc oral appliance improves ADHD symptoms in children ages 5–12 using parent questionnaires from 40 children across three dental offices. While 61% showed some symptom improvement at 7+ months, the study lacked a control group, formal ADHD diagnosis confirmation, and used only parent-reported measures, limiting causal conclusions about the intervention's effectiveness for ADHD.
This study examined serum bisphenol A (BPA) levels in 45 adults with ADHD versus 45 healthy controls, using standardized cognitive tests and disability assessments. Results showed higher BPA in ADHD patients and an association with work-related dysfunction, though no direct correlation with cognitive test performance was found.
This study examined how monoamine reuptake inhibitors affect long-term potentiation and neurotransmitter release in the prefrontal cortex of SHRSP/Ezo rats, an ADHD animal model. Results indicate that dopamine and noradrenaline system dysfunction in the frontal lobe contributes to ADHD pathology, with methylphenidate and desipramine showing potential to improve impaired synaptic plasticity.