Atenție, impulsivitate și hiperactivitate.
396 de articoleThis meta-analysis of 9 randomized controlled trials involving 370 children with ADHD evaluated whether virtual reality interventions improve attention and motor abilities compared to non-VR controls. Results showed VR technology produced modest but statistically significant improvements in both attention and motor function in children with ADHD.
This study examined working memory differences in Chinese children with ADHD, reading disability, or both conditions using recognition tasks measuring phonological encoding and rehearsal. Results showed that phonological loop deficits appear linked to reading disability rather than ADHD specifically, with comorbid children performing similarly to those with reading disability alone.
This study uses Mendelian randomization analysis to investigate causal relationships between heart abnormalities and psychiatric conditions including ADHD, autism, depression, and anxiety. Results suggest heart failure and bradycardia may protect against ADHD development, while hypertrophic cardiomyopathy shows modest association with schizophrenia risk.
A case of a 49-year-old man with adult-diagnosed ADHD who presented with superior keratoconus (corneal ectasia) bilaterally, with severity correlating to eye-rubbing habits used as an ADHD coping mechanism. The authors review 11 prior keratoconus cases and propose that repetitive eye-rubbing from ADHD may contribute to this rare corneal condition.
A meta-analysis of 13 observational studies found gestational cannabis exposure associated with small increased risks of ASD (RR 1.30) and ADHD (RR 1.13), though the ADHD finding may reflect publication bias. A larger cohort study showed cannabis use disorder during pregnancy was associated with substantially increased ASD risk (RR 3.02–3.21), though the authors acknowledge limitations including potential genetic and environmental confounding.
This study examined 166 children with autism or ADHD to identify shared neurobiological mechanisms, finding that autism symptom severity was associated with specific functional connectivity patterns between the frontoparietal and default mode networks, independent of ADHD symptom severity. Gene expression analysis linked these connectivity patterns to genes with known differential variance in autism, suggesting transdiagnostic biological overlap between the conditions.
This Swedish population-based study of 631,695 children identified 39 of 41 examined predictors associated with increased risk of ADHD diagnosis before age 6, including psychiatric comorbidities, medical conditions, parental history, and perinatal factors. Novel associations were found with gastroesophageal reflux disease, premature contractions during pregnancy, and parental criminal conviction history.
This study examined temperament characteristics in 59 adults with ADHD compared to 44 healthy controls using standardized assessment scales. Adults with ADHD showed significantly higher scores for cyclothymic, irritable, and anxious temperament, with positive correlations found between certain temperament traits and ADHD symptom severity.
A qualitative study of twelve Jordanian parents of children with ADHD identified three key themes: navigating diagnosis and uncertainty, adapting to disease burden in family life, and experiencing caregiving exhaustion. The research highlights significant physical, emotional, economic, and social challenges faced by these families, alongside limited access to specialized mental health services in Jordan.
This evidence-based review examines pharmacological treatments for adult ADHD, including stimulants (dopamine/norepinephrine elevators with faster effects but misuse potential) and nonstimulants (slower-acting, lower abuse risk). The synthesis evaluates clinical effectiveness, safety, cost-effectiveness, and provides guidance for medication selection in general and correctional populations.
A randomized controlled trial evaluated behavioral sleep intervention (hybrid face-to-face and online format) versus standard care in 92 children with ADHD, measuring sleep quality, quality of life, and ADHD symptoms. The intervention group showed significant improvements across all measures with large effect sizes, demonstrating that targeted behavioral sleep interventions can reduce ADHD symptomatology and enhance quality of life in affected children.
This study compared 37 adults with ADHD to age- and sex-matched controls using standardized vision-related quality of life and convergence insufficiency symptom assessments. Individuals with ADHD reported significantly higher near-work visual symptoms and lower functioning in near activities, social interactions, and driving compared to controls, suggesting important comorbid visual issues in this population.
This UK population study of nearly 10,000 young people examined why some individuals, especially females, receive ADHD diagnoses later or not at all. Researchers compared behavioral, emotional, cognitive, and family characteristics between those diagnosed early (ages 5-7), late (ages 11-14), and those with unrecognized ADHD, finding that earlier-diagnosed individuals had more severe peer, conduct, and emotional difficulties.
This study examined 86 children with ADHD and 90 typically developing children using EEG to measure auditory processing (mismatch negativity) during an oddball task and assessed visual working memory capacity. Children with ADHD showed reduced auditory mismatch negativity amplitude and poorer visual working memory compared to controls, with an unexpected inverse relationship between MMN amplitude and cognitive impairment severity that suggests shared neurobiological mechanisms underlying auditory and visual cognitive processing.
This study investigates how ADHD may influence the emergence and severity of neuropsychiatric symptoms in patients developing Alzheimer's disease. The research explores the neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative intersection as a factor in disease progression.
This commentary examines how the Federal Aviation Administration assesses ADHD in pilot applicants, using major depression treatment and certification policy as a reference point for evidence-based decision-making. The authors argue that aviation safety decisions regarding ADHD must be grounded in robust scientific evidence rather than assumptions, noting that effective treatment like psychostimulants need not compromise flight safety when individuals are properly evaluated.
This study applies machine learning techniques (isolation forest and RNN models) to detect and predict anomalies in motor activity patterns from individuals with ADHD using the HYPERAKTIV dataset. The RNN achieved high predictive accuracy (0.953) and shows promise for identifying objective movement-related ADHD signatures to support personalized interventions and clinical decision-making.
This study compared social understanding and friendship quality in 192 Greek primary school children with ADHD, dyslexia, or typical development, using standardized theory of mind tasks and empathy measures. Children with ADHD showed significantly lower performance on friendship quality, empathy, and advanced theory of mind compared to dyslexic and typically developing peers.