Maternal digit ratio (2D:4D), autistic traits, and autism spectrum disorder in offspring: A case-control study

This case-control study examined whether maternal 2D:4D ratios (a potential marker of prenatal hormone exposure) differ between mothers of children with autism and control mothers, and whether these ratios correlate with autistic traits and autism severity. Mothers of children with ASD showed significantly lower 2D:4D ratios and maternal autistic traits were associated with lower left-hand digit ratios, supporting a link between prenatal androgen exposure and autism risk.