Zinc deficiency and zinc/copper ratio imbalance in autism spectrum disorder: reanalysis of multinational studies

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A meta-analysis of six studies found that individuals with autism have significantly lower circulating zinc levels and altered zinc-to-copper ratios compared to controls. A 12-week oral zinc supplementation trial in Egyptian children with autism showed improvements in motor and behavioral scores alongside changes in copper and metallothionein levels, suggesting zinc insufficiency may be a modifiable biochemical feature of autism.