A risk prediction model for autism spectrum disorder integrating biopsychosocial factors: systematic review, meta-analysis and multicenter validation

This systematic review and meta-analysis identified four independent risk factors for ASD—adverse childhood experiences, preterm birth, antidepressant exposure during pregnancy, and perinatal antibiotics—through analysis of 37 studies and external validation in a Chinese cohort of 1,175 participants. The study developed a predictive model using rigorous statistical methods (LASSO regression, ROC analysis) to support early identification and intervention strategies rather than claiming preventive or curative effects.