Endothelial Dysfunction and Neurovascular Alterations in Autism Spectrum Disorder

This scientific review examines evidence that endothelial dysfunction and vascular abnormalities contribute to autism spectrum disorder pathophysiology beyond traditional neuronal mechanisms. The chapter discusses how disturbances in blood-brain barrier integrity, angiogenesis, VEGF signaling, and prenatal/perinatal factors affecting vascular development influence neurodevelopmental outcomes and behavior in ASD.