Down Syndrome in Children: Immunodeficiency and Immune Dysregulation

This retrospective study of 35 children with Down syndrome documents significant B and T cell immunological abnormalities, including reduced immunoglobulin levels, naïve B cell deficiency, and diminished regulatory T cells. Clinical manifestations include increased susceptibility to infections, allergic diseases (asthma, allergic rhinitis), autoimmune disorders (celiac disease, autoimmune thyroiditis), and hematological complications.