TGF-β1 Pathway as a Possible Link Between Alzheimer's Disease and Depression: Antidepressant Therapeutic Potential

This review examines whether Alzheimer's disease and major depressive disorder share common pathophysiological mechanisms, particularly through reduced TGF-β1 cytokine levels and amyloid-beta accumulation. The authors discuss emerging evidence that certain antidepressants (SSRIs, SNRIs, ketamine) may have neuroprotective effects, though they note the evidence remains inconsistent and potentially adverse effects require further investigation.