Circular RNAs: Biogenesis, Function, and Their Role in Down Syndrome Brain Pathology

This review examines circular RNAs (circRNAs) as regulators of gene expression that may contribute to Down syndrome pathophysiology through disruption of RNA networks and modulation of synaptic plasticity. Current research has identified aberrant circRNA expression in Down syndrome but requires further experimental validation to clarify the precise molecular mechanisms underlying their involvement in intellectual disability and neuroinflammation.