Canine Idiopathic Epilepsy as a Natural Animal Model for Human Epilepsy: A Scoping Review of Metabolic Perspectives

This scoping review examines canine idiopathic epilepsy as a naturally occurring model for human epilepsy, systematically synthesizing evidence on metabolic, immune, and microbiome alterations in affected dogs compared to healthy controls. The analysis covers multiple functional domains including amino acid/lipid metabolism, neurotransmission, oxidative stress, inflammation, and gut-brain axis pathways to identify translational relevance for human epilepsy research.