Interplay between serum vitamin D, irisin and galectin-3 in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)

This case-control study of South Indian children found vitamin D deficiency significantly more prevalent in ADHD cases (60.5%) than healthy controls (28.9%), with lower median serum vitamin D levels in ADHD. Serum irisin and galectin-3 levels showed different patterns between groups, with a strong positive correlation between irisin and galectin-3 in ADHD but not controls.