Diagnostic and Prognostic Value of Epigenetic Markers in Neurological Diseases: A Narrative Review

This narrative review synthesizes current evidence on epigenetic modifications (DNA methylation, histone changes, and non-coding RNAs) as potential biomarkers for diagnosing and predicting outcomes in neurological diseases including neurodegenerative disorders, multiple sclerosis, and stroke. The authors identified 65 studies demonstrating that disease-associated epigenetic signatures can distinguish patients from controls and correlate with disease severity and clinical progression across multiple neurological conditions.