Postoperative Delirium: From Bundles to Precision Prevention

Postoperative delirium (POD) significantly increases mortality, hospitalization duration, and cognitive decline in older surgical patients, with prevention focused on multicomponent non-pharmacological bundles including mobilization, reorientation, sleep promotion, and sensory optimization. Implementation gaps remain substantial, including low screening uptake (<10%), heterogeneous prognostic models, and limited precision medicine approaches for vulnerability stratification.