Epilepsy and Alzheimer Disease: Epidemiologic, Clinical, Molecular, and Neuropathologic Convergences and Divergences

This review examines the reciprocal relationship between epilepsy and Alzheimer disease, noting that seizures are more common in AD patients while epilepsy patients show higher cognitive decline and dementia risk. The analysis identifies shared risk factors (genetic variants, vascular disease, sleep disorders), overlapping brain regions and neuropathologic features, and common mechanistic challenges including neuroinflammation, metabolic dysfunction, and biomarker identification.