Stigma, Systems, and Exclusion: A Mixed-Methods Systems Analysis of Barriers Facing Children with Down Syndrome in Egypt

This study applies systems thinking to examine interconnected barriers—including social stigma, healthcare gaps, and educational exclusion—facing children with Down syndrome in Egypt, where prevalence exceeds global averages. Using parent workshops, stakeholder interviews, healthcare student surveys, and literature review, researchers identified reinforcing feedback loops perpetuating discrimination across health, education, and social domains.