Lifestyle Intervention and Cognitive Outcomes in Down Syndrome: A Horizon 21 European Down Syndrome Consortium Scoping Review

This scoping review examined peer-reviewed studies on how lifestyle interventions (exercise, diet, social activities, cardiovascular health, cognitive stimulation) affect cognitive outcomes in adults with Down syndrome. The review identified 44 qualifying studies, recognizing that while Down syndrome includes genetic predisposition to Alzheimer's disease pathology, modifiable lifestyle factors may meaningfully reduce dementia risk—an area lacking large-scale multimodal intervention research in this population.