Subcortical Brain Volume Development in Infants with Down Syndrome from 6 to 12 Months: A Longitudinal Neuroimaging Study

This multisite longitudinal study compared subcortical brain volumes between 44 infants with Down syndrome and 39 control infants at ages 6 and 12 months using high-resolution MRI and advanced segmentation techniques. Infants with Down syndrome showed significantly lower intracranial volume and reduced volumes across multiple subcortical structures (amygdala, caudate, hippocampus, pallidum, putamen, thalamus), with volumetric differences ranging from 6.9% to 13.1%.