Global burden of ADHD in children and adolescents (1990-2021): incidence, prevalence, and disability estimates across 204 countries

A comprehensive analysis of ADHD epidemiology in individuals under 20 using 2021 Global Burden of Disease data found 46.9 million prevalent cases and 4.1 million incident cases globally in 2021, with a global prevalence of 1.78% and notable regional variations. Prevalence decreased modestly from 1990-2021, was higher in males than females, and correlated with higher sociodemographic development.