Kynurenine pathway metabolites and neuroinflammation in drug-naive children with ADHD: A case-control study

This study compared serum kynurenine pathway metabolite levels between 51 drug-naive children with ADHD and 36 healthy controls, finding significantly lower neuroprotective indices and higher neurotoxic indices in the ADHD group. The findings suggest neuroinflammatory imbalance in the kynurenine pathway may contribute to ADHD pathogenesis and could inform development of targeted biomarker-based treatments.