Digital Biomarkers in Major Depressive Disorder and Treatment-Resistant Depression: A Narrative Review

This narrative review examines digital biomarkers and wearable technologies used to predict diagnostic status, assess symptom severity, identify treatment response, and monitor real-world outcomes in major depressive disorder (MDD) and treatment-resistant depression (TRD). The analysis of 12 peer-reviewed studies from 2013-2023 shows that physiological, activity/sleep, and subjective data collected via wearable devices show promise in improving depression management given the current low remission rates.