Are congenital heart defects connected to more severe attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder?: A systematic review and meta-analysis

This meta-analysis of 8 observational studies involving 120,158 patients found that congenital heart defects are statistically significantly associated with increased ADHD severity scores, particularly on the ADHD index and hyperactivity-impulsivity subscales. The findings suggest a potential link between cardiac conditions and ADHD symptom severity, though causality is not established.