Quantitative assessment of tip-toe behavior in individuals with autism spectrum disorder and intellectual disability: A cross-sectional study

This study evaluated tip-toe walking behavior (TTB) in 50 autistic individuals aged 4-26 years using observational and video-based coding protocols, identifying three functional groups based on when TTB occurred. TTB severity and persistence varied among groups, with static toe-walking quantity correlating with dynamic toe-walking quantity, though age, autism severity, and intellectual disability were not significantly associated with TTB prevalence.